九大词类.doc

第一课 英语常识一． 九大词类：名词，动词，代词，形容词，副词，数词，冠词，介词，连词二． 七大成分：主，谓，宾，表，定，状，补三． 六大从句1.名词2.动词时间方式现在过去将来过去将来一般work(s)workedwill workwould work进行am/is/are workingwas/were workingwill be workingwould be working完成have/has workedhad workedwill have workedwould have worked完成进行时have/has been workinghad been workingwill have been workingwould have been working3.代词 (1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)相互代词 each other, one another(5)指示代词this, that, these, those, one, such, so(6)不定代词：every, each, other, another, either, neither, no one, none, no, all, both, many, much, some, any, a few, few, a little, little, some-, any-,every-(-one,-body,- thing)（7）疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what（8）连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whosever, whichever ,whatever（9）关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that4.形容词原级比较级最高级good/well(身体健康的)betterbestbad/illworseworstLittle(小的)lessleastmuch/manymoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest5.副词 (1) 时间副词：now, then那时, soon很快, ago, recently, lately, later, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just, just now刚刚等。

如： (2) 地点副词：here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, upstairs, downstairs等3) 方式副词：表示行为方式的副词大多以-ly结尾，常见的有quietly, heavily, warmly, carefully, happily, politely, angrily等如：(4) 频度副词：always, usually, often, frequently, constantly经常地, occasionally有时, sometimes, seldom, hardly, rarely, never等 (5) 程度副词：so如此, fairly, pretty, rather相当, quite很, very, much, too太, greatly, almost, nearly, half一半, highly, deeply, partly, perfectly, really, enough充足地, entirely(6) 焦点副词：就是通过强调使之成为人们注意的焦点的副词，only, alone, also, even, just, merely, simply, mainly, especially, exactly, as well等。

如(7) 连接副词：这类副词有相当于并列连词的therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, furthermore, still, thus, meanwhile等，也有引导名词性从句或不定式的when, why, where, how等8) 关系副词：就是引导定语从句的when, where, why等9) 疑问副词：就是用于引出特殊疑问句的when, where, why, how等如：(10) 句子副词：就是修饰整个句子，表达说话人的观点态度的副词，常见的有frankly, honestly, clearly, obviously, evidently, generally, briefly, fortunately, luckily, unexpectedly, naturally, hopefully等 原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest6.数词7.冠词 a/an, the, 零冠词8.连词 and, but, or, so, because, if（是否，如果）, whether（是否）, when, while, although, though, even if, even though, as if, as though, unless, until, since(自。

以来), before, after, than, that, so that, in order that, as soon as, as long as, not only…but also…, both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but…9.介词 (1)表示时间的介词：at, in, on, around, round, about, during, within, after, before, by, since（自从 for, until, from…to…(2)表示空间的介词：at, in, into, on(接壤), onto, above, around, round, to（到；位于…方向）, towards, under, off, near, across, through, over, past, between, among, in front of, in the front of, behind, beside, from…to…(3)其他介词：like（内容，表面，外貌相似；与 be, look, feel连用） as（与serve, work, act连用）, with, without, by（被动；搭交通工具）, in（某种语言）, for（对…来说）, despite(=in spite of), besides, except, except for, but, but for, to（钥匙，答案，路，拜访，access入口）, instead of4。