微观经济学前沿经济学原理曼昆中英文双语
39页1、Copyright 2004 South-Western22Frontiers of Microeconomics微观经济学前沿 Copyright 2004 South-WesternASYMMETRIC INFORMATION 不对称信息 A difference in access to relevant knowledge is called information asymmetryinformation asymmetry.获得相关知识的差别被称为信息不对称。Copyright 2004 South-WesternHidden Actions: Principals, Agents,and Moral Hazard Moral HazardMoral Hazard Moral hazard refers to the tendency of a person who is imperfectly monitored to engage in dishonest or otherwise undesirable behavior. Employers can respond
2、to the moral-hazard problem in various ways: Better monitoring. High wages. Delayed payment.Copyright 2004 South-Western隐蔽性行为:委托人、代理人及道德危险 道德危险 道德危险 一个没有受到完全监督的 人从事不忠诚或不合意行为的倾向。 雇主可以用各种办法对这个问题做出反 应: 更好的监督 高工资 延期支付Copyright 2004 South-WesternHidden Actions: Principals, Agents, and Moral Hazard Moral HazardMoral Hazard An agent is a person who is performing an act for another person, called the principal. The principal is a person for whom another person, called the agent, is performing some act.
3、Copyright 2004 South-Western隐蔽性行为:委托人、代理人及道德危险 道德危险 代理人 一个为委托人完成某种行为的人。 委托人 让代理人完成某种行为的人。Copyright 2004 South-WesternHidden Actions: Principals, Agents,and Moral Hazard Adverse SelectionAdverse Selection Adverse selection refers to the tendency for the mix of unobserved attributes to become undesirable from the standpoint of an uniformed party.Copyright 2004 South-Western隐蔽性行为:委托人、代理人及道德危险 逆向选择逆向选择 逆向选择 从缺乏信息一方的角度看,无法观察到的特征混合变为不合意的倾向。Copyright 2004 South-WesternHidden Actions: Principals, Agents
4、, and Moral Hazard Example of Adverse Selection: Many times potential buyers may not even consider used cars because they surmise that the sellers know something bad about the cars. This is also known as the lemons problem. InsurancePeople with hidden health problems are more likely to want to buy health insurance than those with good health In certain labor markets, if a firm reduces the wage it pays, high productivity workers tend to quit.Copyright 2004 South-Western隐蔽性行为:委托人、代理人及道德危险 逆向选择的例子:
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