
英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译.ppt
154页英语科技文献的词汇特点 与翻译Kirsten Qi Hebei University of Engineering1英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译词汇词汇 特点• (一)新词层出不穷 • Google • Email • Cybersurf • Webzine • Cyberphobia • 3G • GPRs bluetooth • DSL • Bioinformatics • proteomics2英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译计算机网络领 域 YouTube把视频 上传到网上 Cybersquatting 抢注域名 Net neutrality 网络中立性 Phish网络钓鱼 Cyber-interaction 网络互动 Webcasting网络播放3英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 人力资源领域 • HER电力化人力资源管理 • HRM人力资源管理 • E-recruite电子化招聘 • Tele-office远程办公 • Executive recruiters 猎头公司 • Blue type 硬文化 • Flextime弹性工作制 • Green type 软文化4英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 商务领 域 • Viral marketing病毒性营销 • E-tailing 电子零售 • E-journal 电子期刊5英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• (二)词汇 构成多元化 • (1)借用 • robot机器人 • Cassette盒式磁带 • Sputnik人造卫星 • Brazilian pebble石英水晶 • Xerox静电复印机 • Diesel engine 柴油机6英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• (2)compounding合成法 • English technical terms formed by compounding generally take three forms: • combining with a hyphen (e. g. salt-former 卤素, pulse-scaler 脉冲定标器) • without hyphen (e.g. fallout 放射性尘埃, waterlock 水闸, thunderstorm 雷暴) • two or more separate words forming a word combination (e. g. verbal translator 逐字翻 译机, hover craft 气垫船, satellite antimissile observation system 卫星反导弹观察系统). 7英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• Software软件 • Keydrive键控 • Hot-press热压 • Drug-fast耐药的 • Aci-fast耐酸的 • Brain-trust智囊团8英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译•(3)blending混成法 •This is a variant of compounding, omitting the latter part of the first word and clipping off the first part of the second word. Masstige=mass+prestige •大众精品 •smog = smoke + fog • (烟雾) •·telex = teleprinter + exchange •(电传打字交换) •·gravisphere = gravity + sphere •(引力层 ) •· medicare = medical + care •(医疗保险) •· biorhythm == biological +rhythm •(生物节律)9英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• (4)截断法clipping • Wiki=wikipedia • Auto=automobile • lab=laboratory10英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• (5)缩略法Acronym • An acronym is a word made up from the first letters of the name of something 。
• · ADP automatic data processing • 自动化数据处理 • · AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • · GSV guided space vehicle • 有制导的航天器 • · RAM random access memory • 随机存取存贮器 11英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• (6)类比 • Arm Crane悬臂式起重机 • Bridge crane 桥式吊车 • Cable crane 缆式起重机 • Spike dog 道钉 • Stop dog 止动器 • Watchdog密码识别软 件12英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• (7)派生 • Affixation: • It is the most flexible means of forming new words and its potential of creation is almost boundless • bio-(生命、生物), thermo-(热), electro-(电), aero-(空气) carbo-(碳), hydro-(水), -ite(矿物), -mania(热,狂),13英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译•miniultrasonicprober = mini + ultra +sonic +prober • 微型超声波金属探测仪 •· macrospacetransship = macro +space + trans + ship • 巨型空间转运飞船 •· teletypesetter = tele + type + setter • 电传排字机 •· bathythermograph = bathy +thermo + graph • 海水测温仪 •· barothermograph = baro + thermo + graph • 气压温度记录器 •· deoxyribonucleic = de + oxy + ribo + nucleic • 脱氧核糖核 •· photomorphogenesis = photo +morpho + genesis • 光形态发生14英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译Common Prefixes, Suffixes and Affixes in Technical Terms Translation and Common Head• attached15英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• (三)词义 复杂多变 • Cell 小屋 • 电学:电池 • 冶金学:电解槽 • 医学:细胞 • 无线电 :元件16英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 以专业 判断词义 • 以搭配确定词义 • 以句法确定词义17英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 1. 词的多义性 • 2. 词的搭配 • 3. 词义的选择 • 4.词义引申译法 • 5. 加词译法 • 6.减词译法 • 7.词性转移法 • 8.重复译法 • 9.反面着笔译法 • 10. 专业术语译法18英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译词的多义性• 1. He is a man of difficult access. • 2. His eloquence found access to many hearts. • 3. He was seized with an access of grief. • 4. Students must have access to good books. • 5. The only access to the farm house is across the fields. • 6. Solve problem by direct access to a computer19英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 他是一个难以接近的人。
• 他的雄辩打动了许多人的心 • 他被悲伤所困扰 • 学生必须有机会读到好书 • 通到农舍的唯一通路是经过田间 • 直接利用计算机解题20英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 7. Random access procedures are well matched to the needs of brusty user since the entire bandwidth of a channel can be used by a station once it successfully accesses. • 随机访问规程最适合于突发性用户的 需要,因为一旦某一个站成功地接人网 内,它就可占用信道的全部带宽21英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 8. The two basic methods, time— division multiple access (TDMA), and frequent—division multiple access (FDMA), are both analyzed. • 本文对两种基本方法:时分多址 (TDMA)和频分多址(FDMA)都作了分析22英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 9. Note for completeness that a third method,code—division multiple access (CDMA), is also a member of the fixed assignment class. • 为了使本文更加完整,顺便指出第三种 多址方式,即码分多址(CDMA),也是 固定分配方式的一种类型。
23英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• 10. Carrier—sense multiple access (CSMA) protocols are refinements on the pure and slotted ALOHA protocols . • 载波侦听多点访问(CSMA)协议是对纯 ALOHA和时隙ALOHA协议的改进24英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译词的搭配• 动词与名词的搭配 • ①The earth moves round the sun. • 地球绕太阳旋转 • ②Heat moves from a hotter to a colder body. • 热量从温度较高的物体传到温度较低的物体上 • ③Move M to other work. • 调M去做别的工作 • ④He has moved his furniture into another house. • 他已将家具搬到别的房子里去了25英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• ⑤The ship moved southward. • 船向南航行 • ⑥The procession moved along the road. • 游行队伍沿途行进。
• ⑦History moves with the current of the world’s civilization. • 历史和世界文化的潮流共同前进 • ⑧Lorries were used to move the troops to the front. • 用大卡车将军队运送到前线去26英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译• The work moves slowly. • 工作进展缓慢 • The bus moves slowly. • 汽车行驶缓慢 • Things are not m。
