语法填空 (2).doc

语法填空题的特点与解题指导一、命题特点1. 考查篇章理解语法填空是以短文为载体，考查语法的同时，也考查了考生对语篇的理解2. 考查基础语法所填词语既要意思连贯和逻辑正确(符合语境), 又要语法正确重点考查动词、代词、介词、冠词、词类转换等基础知识3. 填词分两种类型1) 填实义词——用括号里所给词的适当形式填空，包括动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词，形容词和副词的比较等级，名词的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等2) 填功能词——空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等二、解题技巧1. 把握篇章理解用约一分钟浏览全文，明确大意及整个语境，明确人称和主体时态，此乃做语法填空题的前提2. 处理好两类词的填空填实义词时，先要根据该词在句中的语法成份，确定好词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)，再考虑其词形根据前后意思，还可能填所给词的反义词填功能词时，要根据上下文之间的联系、空格前后词语的支配关系、词语搭配，以及句子结构的要求，填上所需的功能词语法填空的考查范围： 1 语境(上下文）； 2 语法： 动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。

语法填空的能力要求： 1.阅读/理解语篇的能力 2.分析句子结构的能力 3.熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力句子的类型 简单句：1 2 3 4 5 并列句：并列连词 复合句： 名词性从句 1主语从句 2宾语从句3表语从句4同位语从句 定语从句 1限制性定语从句 2非限制性定语从句 状语从句1转折2因果3联合 4选择5时间6地点7原因8目的9结果10条件11方式12让步 一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。

二、代词 挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯三、定语从句的引导词． 必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断，从而补出引导词，这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力 四、连词(从属连词/并列连词) A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；状语从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until … B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词如and, but, or, though, although, so… 挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合 五、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 此功能于关联词相似只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。

六、特殊句型（或固定短语） 考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度属于字词层面考查语法七、冠词八、介词或数词九、形容词/副词十、词形变化或者词性变化． 给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求1. Ms Chen _________________(teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. （广州一模） 2. I was certain she would like it because I _______________(tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （广州一模） 3. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom, __________ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模) 4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he __________ (break) his finger. （深二模） 5. The child, Nicole Hobson, ___________(take) by her mother to Childrens Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check …（汕头二模） 6. A transit spokesman said the driver should ______________(make) radio call to the control center for help. （汕头二模） 7. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that _______(encourage) students to study abroad. （茂名二模） 8. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ______ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (梅州二模)9. We must also consider the reaction of the person _________(receive) the gift. （广州一模）10. With the problem ________(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. (广州二模)11. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________ (complete) the rest. .(广州二模)12. There, _______(place) neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five pennies—her tip! （深一模）13. _________( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. （茂名二模）14. Storms swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, ______(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring…(梅州二模)15．We must practise speaking and ________ (write) the language whenever we can. 16．but it is not enough only____ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. （佛山一模）17. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything ______ (present) to him without any effort on his part. （东莞一模）18. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax ________ . （广州二模）19. The little boy pulled__________ right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. （深一模）20. the driver did ___________ to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.（汕头二模）21. If you give your children …that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard ____________as unfit or unable persons. （深圳罗湖）22. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of _________were self-funded students,…（茂名二模）23. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear_____ spoken.（佛山一模）24. The exam, ________was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模)25. Then I went to the department store__________ I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. （广州一模）26. It was a poem about me, ______ included the time …（深二模）27. At the same time。