中考总复习语法专题（二）-动词的分类.docx

动词的分类定义动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)知识归类❶动词的种类分类图解类别功能及用法例子行为动词及物动词vt.本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语可以接宾语afford,buy,enjoy,keep不及物动词vi.不可以直接接宾语arrive,cry,die,fall连系动词本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语be,smell,look,taste助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等do,does,will,shall情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。

may, must,can, need特例清单1.不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词如：The baby is smiling at us.小孩正对着我们笑呢He died of hunger.他死于饥饿Please listen to the teacher carefully.请仔细听老师讲课2.双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人间接宾语有时可放到后面去，由介词to或for引导，变成介词短语◆能接以to引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pass,play,read,send,show,take,teach,tell,write等如：Could you lend your dictionary to me?请你把你的字典借我用用好吗？She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他◆能接以for引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,build,buy,cook,cut,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order,save,pick,play,sing,take,win,write等。

如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭I’ll fetch a chair for you.我去给你拿一个凳子题组训练】( )1.—Who _____ the tennis game yesterday?—Jack，he _____ all the others.A.beat;won B.won;wonC.beat;beat D.won;beat( )2.Choosing the right circle of friends will ____ us a lot of troubles，heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.A.save B.share C.keep D.bring( )3.—Smart phones are more and more popular now.—So they are.But they still _____ too much.A.pay B .cost C.take D.spend( )4.During the World Cup，a large number of soccer fans fly to Brazil.It has _____ a great place for fans to have fun.A.made B.kept C.become( )5.—Tom is an honest boy，_______ he?—Yes.We trust him all the time.A.isn’t B.is C.does D.doesn’t❷常见连系动词的用法分类图解常用连系动词词义例句be是I’m a girl with short hair.become 成为，变得Mike becomes interested in Chinese.turn 变得Mr. White’s face turned red.get变得The weather is getting bad.smell闻起来The flowers smell nice.sound听起来The plan sounds good.taste尝起来The soup tastes delicious.stay保持The shop stays open till 8 pm.grow成长，变得Her hair is growing white.keep保持The girl keeps silent all the time.feel感到，摸起来The coat feels very softlook看起来My mother looks very young.注意1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。

2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do,does,did等题组训练】( )6.—Shall we go for a walk?— ______great.A.Feels B.Sounds C.Turns D.Looks( )7.—Do you like swimming in winter?—Of course.The water _____ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy.A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.looks( )8.Mom is making dinner. It_____ so nice!A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds( )9.—Your trainers _____ colourful.—Yes.And they are popular among young people.A.feel B.smell C.taste D.look( )10.—I can’t stand the smell of the stinking tofu.—Would you like to have a try? It _____ quite delicious!A.looks B.sounds C.tastes❸情态动词的用法分类图解情态动词意义及用法例句may表示“请求许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn’t。

—May I go out and play football?—No,you mustn’t.　表推测，意思是“可能”Mr.Li may be at home.can(could)表示“能力”，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为can’t,couldn’tMike can speak a little Chinese.I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，could比can的语气更委婉、客气Could you tell me something about your school?表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中He can’t be at home. He has gone to Japan.can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，be able to可以用于各种时态He can spell these words.He has been able to draw pictures already.must表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustn’t，意思是“不应该，不允许”，表示警告。

You must be careful next time.You mustn’t take photos here.表示推测，意为“必定”He must be in the room.表示说话人的主观看法I must go home now.must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must，have to；否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to—Must I finish the homework today?—No,you needn’t/you don’t have to.need　表示“需要”，多用于否定句He needn’t worry about it.作实义动词，后接动词不定式I’m very tired and I need to have a rest.【题组训练】( )11.—Are you interested in shopping online?——Not so much. We_____see real products but pictures.A.shouldn’t B.can’tC.mustn’t D.needn’t( )12.—Bob，Where is Linda?—She ________ be in the library.But I am not sure.A.must B.may C.need D.has to( )13.—Look，someone left a book.—Oh，yeah…This book_____ be Kitty’s. Only she likes to read this kind of books.A.can B.must C.may D.might( )14.—Lisa，hurry up! The bus is coming.—Oh，no. We ____ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green.A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.should( )15.Last year I ______ drive.I used to take the bus.A.could 。