神经语言学和心理语言学
68页1、Chapter 12Language and the Language and the BrainBrainTwo Branches of Linguistics Neurolinguistics 神经语言学 Psycholinguistics 心理语言学 Traditionally, linguists pay more attention to language system itself. Now, the technological advances enables more investigation of the human brain and language processing. NeurolinguisticsNeurolinguistics is the study of two related areas: language disorders and the relationship between brain and language. It includes research into How the brain is structured What fu
2、nction each part of the brain performs How and in which parts of the brain language is stored How damage to the brain affects the ability to use languageThe focus of this SectionThe focus of this Section A brief survey of the brain structure and its function The methods used in the study of the brain in terms of evideces for lateralization (referring to cognitive functions controlled either by the left or the right side of the brain)(边侧性) The different types of language disturbance that result f
3、rom the brain damageThe biological foundations of language By far, human beings are the only species that possess language ability. Our linguistic ability is a biological gift of the speciess gene program.Speech organs These organs consist of lips, teeth, tongue, oral cavity, nasal cavity, palate(硬腭), velum(软腭), pharynx(咽), epiglottis(会厌), vocal cord(声带), pulmonic cavity(肺腔) and so on.Human teethupright, not slanting outwards, the top and the bottom sets can meetLipsmuscles which show more intri
4、cate interlacing than those of other animalsmouthrelatively small, can open and shut rapidlytonguethick, muscular and flexible enough to get in touch with other parts of the oral cavity.The structure and function of the human braincartoonweight: 1,400 gramsComponent: ten billion nerve cells called neuron and billions of fibers that connect these neurons.Neuron: the basic information processing units of the nervous systemTwo sections of the brain The lower section:the brain stem the higher sectio
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