
航空重力测量理论 方法及应用分析.docx
198页信息工程大学博士学位论文摘要本文以我国首套航空熏力测量系统(CHAGS)的研制为背景,基于CHAGS在汉中、大 同和哈尔滨的三次实测数据,重点研究了观测数据滤波、航空重力仪观测数据处理、垂直 加速度精密确定及空中重力拢动矢量估算等四方蕊的理论和方法;绷重探讨了航空重力测 量数据在确定局部大地水准面中的应用本文的主簧工作和创新点概括如下1.基于牛顿第二运动定律,建立了平台式、捷联式矢量重力测量以及捷联式、旋转不交式和平台式标量重力测鳖的数学模登 2.针对重力仪与GPS观测数据的空间同步,建立了位置、速度和加速度的偏心改正公式;实测数据分柝表明,实用中仅需顾及空间改正和垂直加速度的偏心改正提出了参照不同滤波尺度下的内部精度,依据航空重力溅显的频谱窗嗣,在兼鞭分辨率的同时确定滤波器截止频率的新观点,有效地解决了滤波器设计的关键问题 4.摒弃了传统使用的6x20sRC滤波器和300s高斯滤波器,设计了适用于不同作业环境的FIR滤波器和级联式巴特沃愚滤波器针对FIR滤波器阶数过高之不足,提出了航空 重力测量数据的FIR级联滤波法,即两步滤波法研究了稳定平台倾斜角和水平加速度改正的频谱特性,确定了水平加速度改正的预 滤波尺度,裔效地减弱了水平加速度改正不完善;|起的系统性误差。
6.研究了K因子与滤波尺度的相关性,提出了K因子的四种标定方法结果表明,利用重薪标定的K因子计算的空中重力异常,精度提高了约O扛O.4mGal提出了交叉耦合系数的外部、内部标定法以及与K因子的联合标定方法,采用薪 系数显著地降低了系统误麓的影响,对于大同航空熏力测量,系统误差从约4mOal减小至 约lmGal内部标定法仅黍在测区内构成一定数嚣的交叉点,无需其它外部信息,且其标 定结果与外部标定结果j#常一致,因此,这种方法有着更广豹应蠲面帮实际应用价值从频域上研究分析了GPS大气误差、星历误差、多路径效应、测量误差和卫星几 何结构变化对垂直加速度精密确定的影响,结果表嚷:多路径效应、测量噪声和卫星几 何结构变化对垂直加速度的确定具有较大影响9.从理论和实测数据两方面,对利用GPS测定加速度的三种常用方法即位鼹差分法、 多普勒频移法和楣位时序差分法进行了比较稆分析,对于200s的滤波尺度,静态澳I量精度 分别为0.7、73mGal,动态测量的精度分别为1.6、4.8和O.5mGal.10.设计了航空重力测量数据处理流程,优化处理了汉中、大同和哈尔滨三次试验的观第i页 / 信息工程大学博士学位论文测数据。
精度估算表明,波长分辨率约为10km时,交叉点不符值的标准差分别为5mGal、 5.8reGal和2.0mGal,空中5'×5'格网平均重力异常的精度对于大同地区和哈尔滨地区分别 为3.6mGal和1.7reGal.11.建立了当地水平坐标系和惯性坐标系下的INS/GPS误差状态方程,分别构建了利 用GPS位置作为状态更新的重力扰动矢量水平分量的传统卡尔曼滤波估算模型和利用 GPS稠速度作为状态更新的重力魏动全矢量的毅型卡尔曼滤波估算模型;首次剩蠲靛窆标 量重力测量数据计算了空中和地面格网的垂线偏差,其与地面重力测量数据计算结果之差 的标准偏差,对于予午分量和卵溪分量分别为O.5”和O.4’12.首次研究了空中数据向下延据方法和滤波尺度对大地水准面精密确定的彰响,绪栗 表明:利用直接代袭法、点质量法和正则化算法均可获得约3cm的精度,直接代表法由于 不受测送形状及范围大小限制且无边界效应成为最合适的向下延拓方法;就滤波尺度而 言,100s~250s的滤波尺度均透塌于大地水准谣的确定,鼷及滤波器边界效应的影响,宜 采用小一些的滤波尺度如100s.与地面重力测量数据计算的参考大地水准面相比,利用航 空重力测量数据确定的大地水准面的精度可以达到3cm.关键词:航空重力测量;FIR低通滤波器;巴特沃思滤波器;摆杆尺度因子:垂直加速度;水平加速度改正;交叉藕合改正;重力扰动矢量;大地水准面;GPS第ii页信息=:r=程大学博士学位论文ABSTRACTIn this dissertation the theories and methods for the airborne gravimetry are investigated in detail with the emphasis on four aspects,on the basis of three groups of real data from Hanzhong, Datong and Harbin tests using the first Chinese Airborne Gravimetry System(CHAOS).They are the data filtering,airborne gravimeter observation processing,the precise determination of the vertical acceleration and the estimation of the airborne gravity disturbance vector. Furthermore,we also foCUS on the precise determination of the local geoid by using airborne gravity data.The main works and contributions are summarized as follows。
1.On the basis of the Newton’s second 1aw of motion.the gravity equations relevant to the stabilized systems and the strapdown systems for the airbome vector gravimetry and those related to the stabilized systems.the rotation invariant system and the strapdown systems for the airborne scalar gravimetry are established2.For the 10cal C00rdination of the airborne gravimeter and the GPS antenna Phase center,the 1ever arm corrections with respect to the GPS position,velocity and acceleration are formulated. The test results indicate廿lat only the lever arm corrections for the free-air corrections and thevertical accelerations are required to be taken into account in reality。
3.In view ofthe dependence ofthe accuracy and resolution for the airborne gravimetry.one new concept to determine the cutoff frequency of the lowpass filter that based on the spectral windows for the airborne gravimetry and the internal accuracy(e.gcrossover errors)underdi脏rent filter length is advanced4.Instead of using t11e traditional filters in airborne gravimetry.vizthe 6x20s resistor—capacitor (RC)filter and the 300s Gaussian filter,we design the Finite Impulse Response(FIR)filter and the cascaded Butterworth filter that can be suited for various operation conditions.Aiming toreduce the length of the FIR filter,a technique involved in a cascaded FIR filter is suggested tofilter the raw airborne gravity.5.The spectral properties of the stabilized platform tilt angle and the horizontal accelerationcorrection are investigated and analyzed.The anlount of the pre—filtering of the horizontal acceleration correction is derived,which matehes the platform period.With this amount the potentially systemic biases due to the imperfection of the horizontal acceleration correction canbe reduced significantly.6.The dependence of the beam scale factor(K-factor)on the amount of the filtering applied to the data is discussed.Four methods for calibrating the K—factor are developed,and the results show that the accuracy of the airborne gravity anomalies is improved about 0:2—0.4mGal byusing of the new K—factor。
7The cross—coupling corrections for the L&R gravimeter are computed as a linear combination of 5 so—called cross—coupling monitors,the weight factors(coefficients)determined from marine data by factory may not be optimal for airborne application.In this paper,these coefficients are recalibrated to minimize the difference between airborne data and upward continued surface data(external calibration)and to minimize the errors at line crossings(internal calibration) respectivel。