儿科学课件-腹泻液体疗法
182页1、Infantilediarrhea Objectives emphases difficulty 1 Tomasterthepathogenesisandclinicalmanifestationofinfantdiarrhea2 Tomasterthediagnosisandtreatmentofinfantdiarrhea 8个月婴儿 腹泻3天 每天十余次蛋花汤样便 12小时无尿 呼吸深长 前囟眼窝明显凹陷 皮肤弹性很差 四肢厥冷 11月份就诊 血钠125mmol l 血钾3 2mmol l HCO3 10mmol L 便无臭味 镜检WBC0 2 HP 既往无营养不良Diagnosis Treatment Whichisdiarrhea Types1 2indicateconstipation with3and4beingtheidealstoolsastheyareeasytodefecatewhilenotcontaininganyexcessliquid 5 6and7tendingtowardsdiarrhea Diarrheais Asymptomcharacterize
2、dbyanabnormalincreaseinstoolfrequency liquidityoramount Infants stoolvolume 10g kg dayChildren 2 stoolvolume 200g dayInpractice thistypicallymeansloose to waterystoolspassed4ormoretimesperday consistencyofstoolsisthemoreimportantfeature ISjustalittlecaseofdiarrhea 1 2 1 9episodesperpersonannuallyinthegeneralpopulation2 4episodesperchild 3yearsoldannually EPidemiology Diarrheadiseasemainlyaffectschildrenundertwoyearsold 全世界 150万 我国 5岁儿童每年患腹泻病估计有1 7亿人次 死亡4万多 平均2 01次 人 婴儿为4次左右 Diarrheaisaleadingcau
3、seofmalnutritioninchildrenunderfiveyearsold EPidemiology Worldwide around1billionpeoplelackaccesstoimprovedwaterand2 5billionhavenoaccesstobasicsanitation Diarrheaduetoinfectioniswidespreadthroughoutdevelopingcountries fecal oralrouteingestionofcontaminatedfoodorwaterpersontopersoncontact Howarediarrheapathogenstransmitted Prevalentseasons BacterialenteritisismostprevalentinsummerViralenteritisisinautumnandwintermonths buttheymaybeoccurallyearroundNoninfectiousdiarrheamayoccuratanyseason EPIDEMI
4、OLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY Factorsthatincreasesusceptibilitytoinfectionwithenteropathogensinclude youngage immunedeficiency measlesmalnutrition traveltoanendemicarea lackofbreastfeeding exposuretounsanitaryconditions ingestionofcontaminatedfoodorwater levelofmaternaleducation child carecenterattendance Predisposingfactors1 Characteristicofdigestivesystem hypochlorhydria digestenzyme enzymaticactivity 2 Fastdevelopingandgrowth3 Organismdefensehypofunction hypochlorhydria immuneglobulin SIgA IgM normalflo
5、ra 4 Non human milkfeed WhatCausesDiarrhea Etiologyofdiarrhea Infectiousfactors1 IntestinalinfectionBacterialinfections Escherichiacoli EnteropathogenicE coli EPEC EnterotoxigenicE coli ETEC EnteroinvasiveE coli EIEC EnterohemorrhagicE coli EHEC Enteroaggregative EAEC Campylobacterjejuniyersinia Salmonella Viralinfections rotavirus Norwalkvirus astrovirus echorirus entericadenovirusParasites Giardialamblia Entamoebahistolytica andCryptosporidium Fungus candidaalbicans 2 Extraintestinalinfections
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