betodo的用法

1、“be to do” 的用法一般说来，“be to do” 这个结构有两种语法意义，其一是连系动词be+动词不定式做表语，其二是be to是一个独立词汇单位,具有情态含义,可以把它叫做情态习语(modal idiom)。 一、be +动词不定式, 不定式做表语,表示主语和表语在概念上是等同的。如： The problem is to find a solution. His plan is to clean the room. My wish is to be a doctor. 二、be to +动词不定式中的be to用作情态习语, 这时的be to do表示: “计划”、“安排”、“义务”、“应该”、“可能”、“命运”等。(have to, ought to)。如: He is to have a holiday. (表示将来) The committee is to meet today. (表示计划、安排) You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 1. 表示 “将”、“计

2、划”、“安排”。(意思接近于be going to) 如： Their daughter is to get married soon. Who is to question him？ It was the last film at the cinema，which was to close next day. After dinner they were to go to a movie. was/ were to do 表示过去曾经计划要做的事，或者过去应当做的事，而且从现在的角度来看已经实现了。如： I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. I was to play Juliet. The expedition was to start in a weeks time. was/ were to have done, 表示 “本打算”、“本计划”或“本应当” 做的事而没有做成或没有发生。如: I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he d

3、idnt come. We were to have been married last year. 2. 表示 “义务”、“应该” 。(意思接近于should， must， ought to， have to) 如： No one is to leave the building. 谁也不得离开这楼房。 You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room. You are to be back by 10 oclock. 你必须十点以前回来。 3. 表示可能性, 相当于can, may 如: Such books are to be found in the library. 这样的书在图书馆里就能找到。 Not a single sound was to be heard. 一点儿声音也听不到。 Not a soul was to be seen. 看不到一个人影。 She was nowhere to be found. 哪儿也找不到她。 She was never to se

4、e his wife and family again. 5. 表示 “命运”, 将来必然要发生的事, 译作 “注定”。如： He came to power, but he was to play dearly for it: soon he was assassinated. The worst is still to come. They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again. 6. 用于“ifwere to do”，表示虚拟语气。如： If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨, 运动会就会延期。一、时态、语态 时态、语态需要掌握的要点： 1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时： (1)表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell； (2)表示意愿、情感的动词：desire, dislike, forgive, h

5、ate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate； (3)表示思考、看法的动词：believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose； (4)表示所有、占有的动词：belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳)； (5)其他动词：cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。 如： Id say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal. (1997年考研题， belong表示归属，不用于进行式) He w

6、as seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night. (1990年考研题，see表示结果，不用于进行式) 2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式： (1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图； (2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作； (3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事，如： Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided. (4)be about to (do)表示将要(做)，如： Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay co

7、mpliments to his political leaders. (5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用； (6)be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件，如： If you want your film to be properly processed, youll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow. (画线部分一般不用will be) (7)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如： I dont know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪儿。(宾语从句) Ill tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句) 比较：Ill t

8、ell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。(状语从句) (8)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如： See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didnt know the answer to last time. (include 不能用will include或其他形式) 3.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语： (1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。如： We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings w

9、ere portrayed had been produced. (表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。如： By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year. (3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。如： The changes that howe taken place place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century. It is four years since John left school. (4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。如： It isnt the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. (5)在no soonerthan

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