情态动词与虚拟语气高考英语语法全方位把握【含答案】.docx

情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词概念：情态动词具有词汇意义，但意义不够完整，不能单独做谓语情态动词表示说话人的语气和态度一、 情态动词概览 (一)can, could用　法例　句表示能力，意为“能，会”；could表示过去的能力She can speak French fluently. 她能讲一口流利的法语can可用于肯定句中，表示客观或理论上的可能性An experienced teacher can make mistakes. 一位有经验的老师也会犯错表示请求或允许在疑问句中，could可以代替can，语气更委婉，肯定回答时要用can，不用could—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？—Yes, you can. ——明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗？——是的，可以表示说话者的主观推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句中can比could语气强He can't be our manager. He has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我们经理他已经去北京了表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等态度，常用于否定句和疑问句中How can you treat me like that？你怎么能那样对我？用于固定习语中：can't ... too/enough (无论……也不过分；越……越好)；can't but do sth. (不得不，只好)；can't help doing sth. (禁不住做某事)。

I can't thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 我非常感谢你，在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子One cannot but admire her determination. 人们不得不佩服她的决心二)may, might用　法例　句表示请求或许可在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉给予许可时用may，不用might—Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter？—Yes, you may. ——我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？——是的，可以表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中might比may语气弱—I really don't like James. Why did you invite him？—Don't worry. He might not come. ——我真的不喜欢詹姆斯你为什么邀请他？——别担心他或许不会来表示祝愿，常用结构为：May＋主语＋动词原形！May you be happy every day！愿你快乐每一天！用于固定短语中：may/might as well＋动词原形(不妨，还是……为好)；may/might well＋动词原形(很可能……)。

You may/might as well tell him the truth.你不妨告诉他事实吧He may/might well stay in Beijing now. 他现在很可能待在北京三)must, have to用　法例　句表示义务，意为“必须”must强调说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用need not (needn't)或don't have to，而不是用must notWe must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.现在我们必须尽快采取行动你仅仅告诉我们你能否承担这项任务就行I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院must用来表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用在肯定句中must的肯定程度比can强You must be hungry after a long walk. 长途跋涉之后，你一定饿了。

must表示“偏要，非要……不可”常用于疑问句和条件句中，偶尔也用于陈述句中If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了mustn't表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”You mustn't play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself.你千万不要玩刀，否则会伤到自己的四)shall用　法例　句用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话者征求对方的意见Shall he come in now？要不要让他现在进来？用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚用于条约、规定、法令、法律等文件中表示义务规定，意为“必须”One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们有一条规定，那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。

五)should, ought to用　法例　句should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”We should be strict with ourselves.我们应该严格要求自己should表示出乎意料、惊讶的口气，意为“竟然，居然”Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事ought to表示义务、责任、劝告等，意为“应该”，语气比should略重You ought not to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私should和ought to表示推测，指合乎理想的情况或结果，意为“按说应该”Try phoning Robert — he should be home by now. 给罗伯特打个试试，他现在应该到家了六)will, would用　法例　句与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示主语的意志、意愿或决心will指现在，would指过去I will never talk to him again. 我再也不会和他说话了表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中would比will语气委婉Will/Would you please close the window？请把窗户关上好吗？表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。

will指现在，would指过去Fish will die without water. 没有水，鱼会死的七)need, dare用法例句need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“需要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中needn't表示“不必”；对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need，作否定回答时用needn'tI needn't use a clock to wake me up, because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. 我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点都有火车从我家旁边经过dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我吓得一动也不敢动八) had better， would rather用法例句had better为固定词组，不是过去式，而指现在或将来，意为“最好”，表示劝告或警告，其后接动词原形You had better play one kind of music if you want to become famous.如果你想出名，最好演奏一种音乐。

would rather意为“宁愿，宁可”，表示选择，其后也接动词原形，常与than连用I’d rather have something with chocolate.我宁愿吃含巧克力的九）情态动词＋have done　1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测must have done sth.“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句may (might) have done sth.“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句can (could) have done sth.“本来能够/可以做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning. She couldn't have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午没在会议室看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。

2．表示“与过去事实相反”could have done sth.过去本可以做某事但实际上没做needn't have done sth.过去本不必做某事但实际上做了ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtn't to/shouldn't have done sth.过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了might have done sth.过去可能做某事但实际上没做You could have done better, but you didn't try your best.你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为I needn't have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine.天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。

单句语法填空/单句改错1. （2020全国卷乙卷）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.________2. (2。