
英语四级作文常见句法错误.doc
4页英语四级作文常见句法错误 一、指代不清指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致 例1:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘解析:读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘如果我们把容易引起误解的代词加以明确,意思就一目了然了改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. 例2:And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.我们还可以通过亲身参与、体验的方式了解社会解析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致改为:And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves. 二、修饰语错位英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语放在句子中不同的位置,可能会引起句子含义的变化。
这一点常被同学们所无视,因而造成了不必要的误解 例:I believe I can do it well and l will better know the world outside the campus.我相信我会做得很好,而且我将对校园外的世界有更好的了解解析:better位置不当,应置于句末改为:I believe I can do it well and l will know the world outside the campus better. 三、词性误用词性误用常表现为:介词错用为动词,形容词错用为副词,名词错用为动词等 例:They earn some money so that they can independence.他们挣钱是为了自立解析:independence是名词,句中误用为动词改为:They earn some money so that they can be independent. 四、句子不完整在口语中,交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解对方的意思,不完整的句子也完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了,句子构造不完整会令意思表达不清,这常常发生在主句写完以后,学生又想加些补充说明的情况下。
例:There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio,newspaper and soon.了解社会的途径有很多,比方,可以通过电视、播送、报纸,等等解析:本段后半局部“For example,by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句改为:There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper. 五、主谓不一致英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致由于受汉语的影响,许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系,从而造成错误 例:Once one havee money,he can do what he want to do.人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么解析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants,本句是典型的主谓不一致改为:Once one has money,he can do what he wants to do. 六、累赘同学们在写书面表达时应尽量做到简洁:写句子没有一个多余的词,写段落没有一个多余的句子;能用单词的就不用词组,能用词组的就不用从句或句子。
例1:In spite of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.尽管他很懒惰,我还是喜欢他解析:本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从句,我们应按照“简洁”的原那么加以简化改为:In spite of his laziness,I like him. 例2: For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.对于勤奋善良的人来说,钱只是用来购置所需东西的工具解析:整个句子可以大大简化,累赘重复过多改为:Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need. 七、句子不连贯句子不连贯是指一个句子内部前言不搭后语,或是构造上不畅通句子不连贯也是英语书面表达中比拟常见的毛病 例:The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.淡水是地球上最重要的东西。
解析:The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯,It与things在语法上不一致改为:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world. 八、句子构造句子构造主要是受汉语思维方式影响而导致的同学们在日常学习中应多加练习,培养语感 例1:There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操场上有许多学生在打篮球解析:上面的句子中出现了两个谓语动词,不符合英语的语法习惯改为:Many students are playing basketball on the playground. 例2:The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那边的女孩一个大城市解析:一个简单句中不能有两个谓语系动词,构造改为:The girl standing over there is from a big city. 九、句型单调,句子与句子之间缺乏过渡一篇文章如果简单句过多,句型单调,即使语法错误较少,思路较清晰,看后也会使人感到乏味。
同学们应学会单句、复句交替使用,经常变换句型,尝试使用一些较复杂的语法构造及句型,适当运用过渡词,使文章更加连贯。
