Unit 1 Section A Reading and Thinking高二英语 课堂精讲精练+重点知识建构（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）.docx

UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT1.1 Reading and Thinking重点词汇1.physiology n.生理学；生理机能 2.crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 3.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 mit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)5.academic adj.学业的；学术的 6.objective n.目标；目的 adj.客观的 7.botanical adj.植物学的 8.evaluate vt.评价；评估 9.property n.性质；特征；财产 10.distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 11.boil vt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点12.liquid n.液体 adj.液体的；液态的 13.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行14.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 15.defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 16.analyse vt.分析 17.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 18.substance n.物质；物品；事实根据 19.insist vi.&vt. 坚持；坚决要求 20.scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的 21.mostly adv.主要地；一般地 重点短语1.make a discovery 发现 2.lead to 导致；引导 3.die from 死于……4.graduate from 从……毕业 5.in the fight against 同……作斗争 6.by chance 偶然地 7.draw out 取出；拟定；导致 8.insist on 坚持 9.be tested on 接受检测 10.according to 根据 重点句式1.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.2.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine...”I.重点词汇1. crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的用法：be crucial to/for... 对……至关重要 play a crucial part in/role in... 在……中起至关重要的作用 2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的用法：be vital to/for ... 对……极其重要It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要It’s vital that... …… 极为重要3. committed adj. 尽心尽力的，坚定的；坚信的转化：← commit vt.承诺：保证（某个人、机构等）vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）用法：commit oneself to (doing) sth 承诺做某事be committed to (doing) sth 承诺做某事committed a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯错误commit ... to ... 投入……于……4. evaluate vt.评价；评估 转化：→ evaluation 评价；评估例句：Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.我们的研究试图评估不同药物的有效性。

It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生5. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的：有区别的用法：be distinct from 与……不同 转化：→ distinction6. acknowledge 承认（属实;权威、地位等）；（公开）感谢；告知收悉用法：acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事acknowledge that 承认…… acknowledge to be 认为是……It is generally/widely acknowledged that…… 普遍认为……7. defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败；战胜用法：suffer a defeat 遭受失败acknowledge defeat 承认失败8. insist vt. 坚持;坚决要求 insist on坚决要求例句：She insisted on going to the cinema alone.她坚持自己去看电影。

My friend insisted on my going to her birthday party.我的朋友坚持让我参加她的生日聚会9. conclusion n.结论; 推论用法：come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论in conclusion 最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾）bring to a conclusion 使……结束转化：conclude vt.得出结论，推断出 vi. &vt.（使）结束，终止II.重点句型1. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.后来,用这种药物在疟疾患者身上做试验,大部分患者都康复了分析】本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句 主句是 “the medicine was tested on malaria patients”, “most of whom recovered”是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句不定代词/数词/名词+ of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句在关系分句中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。

当先行词指人时, 关系代词用whom; 先行词指物时, 用which2. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said,“The honour is not just mine.”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说,“荣誉不只是属于我自己的分析】在本句中, she said, ...是主句, that引导的句子作hearing的宾语Upon hearing...是“upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语,在句中作时间状语upon还可换为介词on,表示一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生这种用法常见于正式文体中,根据语境,可翻译为“当……时;一……就……”例如：Upon graduating from college, he first worked as a teacher, and then in a government office.有时也可用“upon/on+名词”形式表达相同的意思On his return from his vacation, he began writing his first novel.他休假回来后,就开始写他的第一部小说。

一、单句语法填空1. He is widely _____________(acknowledge) as the best player in the world.2. He was ________________(apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten.3. He insist on _____________(give) every detail of the case.4. The key to success as a romantic _____________( novel) is absolute belief in your story.5. He tried boiling fresh wormwood, and _________(use) the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria.6. I saw leaves moving__________(gentle) in the breeze.7. In the war, they narrowly avoided____________(defeat) by the enemy.8. Tu Youyou’s research led to the discovery of artemisinin, ____crucial new treatment for malaria. 9. Upon ________(arrive), he hugged my uncle and tried to give him courage.10. They did an experiment and compared the physical ________(property) of the two substances.答案：1.【答案】acknowledged 【解析】be acknowledged as 被承认是2.【答案】apparently【解析】副词修饰much surprised.3.【答案】being given【解析】句意为：他坚决要求说明事情的整个来龙去脉。

He为give的主语补足语 4.【答案】 novelist【解析】句意为：一个浪漫派小说家成功的关键在于对自己故事的绝对相信因为后面是belief in, 所以前面是小说家，是“人”，而不是小说5.【答案】 using【解析】boiling和suing并列，为tried的宾语6.【答案】 gently【解析】 副词修饰动词move7.【答案】 being defeated【解析】句意为：战争中他们差点被敌人打败avoid doing sth.8.【答案】 a【解析】treatment在此为可数名词，“一种治疗方法”9.【答案】 arrival【解析】 句意为：他一到来就拥抱我的叔叔，想尽量给他勇气10.【答案】 properties【解析】 句意为：他们做了实验比较了这两种物质的物理特性二、 单句改错1. Artemisinin is thought to save 100,000 life a year in Africa alone.2. Boiled the sweet wormwood。