第五章林业资源配置教学案例.ppt

Chapter fiveAllocation of forestry resource第五章林业资源配置Section oneThe principle of forest resource allocation第一节林业资源配置的原理1. General principle of resource allocation (资源配置的一般原理)基数效用理论第一定律: 边际效用递减第二定律: 各种商品边际效用相等, 总效用极大序数效用理论: 用无差异曲线和预算线确定,对最优配置的解释:旧福利经济学理论: 任何一种生产资源在各种用途上的边际社会纯产值相等.新福利经济学理论: 社会资源的配置如果达到这样一种状态, 即任何一种配置的改变, 都会至少降低一个企业或一种产品的产量,则这种生产资源的配置就是帕累托最优状态或最有效率的状态. b. Forest resource allocation among different area (区域配置) 原则是:扬长避短, 让有限的林业资源产生最多的林产品 c. Forest resource allocation among different enterprise (企业配置)原则: 效率最高的企业得到最充分的林业资源供应.2.2 The main principles of forestry resource allocation (林业资源配置的主要原则) a. Ensure the evenly distribution of forest resource over the whole country(保证森林资源在全国的均匀分布) b. Promote the coordinated growth of commercial and noncommercial forest(促进商品林业和非商品林业比例协调发展) c. Promote the concentration and specialization of forestry production(促进林业生产的集中化与专业化) d. Try to give play to abundant labor resource while the capital is relative short(在资金不足情况下发挥劳动力充裕的优势). 3. The main methods of resource allocation (资源配置的主要方法)3.1 Decentralized decision making method(分散决策配置方法)The resource allocation and products distribution are totally depend on market mechanism (资源配置和产品分配完全依靠市场机制), 对应的是市场经济体制 3.2 Centralized decision making method (集中决策配置方法)由中央计划部门通过计划进行资源配置和产品分配. 对应的是计划经济体制3.3 The combination of centralized and decentralized decision making method (分散决策和集中决策相结合的配置方法)Section twoThe macro-allocation of forestry resource第二节林业资源的宏观配置1.1 The significance (意义) a. Assure the balance between the total supply and total demand of forest product (保证林业供求总量平衡) b. Promote the macro-structure of forestry to be reasonable (促进林业宏观结构合理) c. Provide public forest products (提供林业公共产品) d. Arrange the major forestry project (布置林业重点建设工程) 1. The significance and principle of macro-allocation of forestry resource ( 意义和原则)1.2 The principle of the macro-allocation of forest resource (原则) a. The principle of combination of local interests and whole interests (区域利益与全国利益相结合的原则) b. The principle of combination of short run interests and long run interests (短期利益与长远利益相结合的原则) c. The principle of combination of forest products production and conservative resource management (林产品生产与保护性资源相结合的原则) d. The principle of combination of total outputs increasing and structure improvement (总量增长与结构优化相结合的原则)2.The relation between forest resource macro-allocation and forestry development strategy (林业资源宏观配置与林业发展战略的关系)2.1 Forest resource macro-allocation is the one of the important means to realize the target of forestry development strategy2.2 Forest resource macro-allocation and forestry development strategy is consistent(一致) 2.3 Forest resource macro-allocation is one of the key points to join(衔接) the different stages of forestry development strategy smoothly 2.4 Forest resource macro-allocation is the main part of forestry development strategy countermeasure (对策)3. The main forms and methods of forest resource macro-allocation (形式与方法)3.1 Main forms (主要形式) a. State owned forest enterprise invested by government (政府投资的国有林业企业) b. The investment to protection and special purpose forest by government (国家对防护林和特种用途林建设投资) c. The investment to backward mountain and forest area as a support and an exploitation (对落后山区,林区的支持性开发性投资) 3.2 The main methods of forest resource macro-allocation a. Forestry instructive plan (林业指令性计划) b. Forestry development strategy (林业发展战略) c. Forestry overall arrangement (林业布局) d. Forestry industry policy (林业产业政策)a. Natural forest area in Northeast (东北)b. b. Natural forest area in Southwest (西南)c. c. Artificial forest (人工林)d. d. Forest shorted area in middle and west (中西部少林区)4. The forest resource macro-allocation in China Section threeThe allocation of forestry production factors第三节林业生产要素配置1. The basic theory and method of production factors allocation 1.1 The basic theory of production factors allocation生产要素分为: a. Labour (劳动) b. Land (土地) c. Capital (资本) d. The talent of enterpriser (企业家才能)市场机制起基础作用, 加政府适当的宏观调空 1.2 Main methods a. Production functionIn which:Q: production output(产出量)x1, x2, xn: production factors for different investmentThe composition proportion(配合比例) of different production factors is called technique coefficient(技术系数), which could be fixed or variable. b. Economies of scale (规模经济):Increasing return to scale(规模经济)Decreasing return to scale(规模不经济)Internal External Internal External Reasonable scale depend on:a. Technique levelb. Market situationc. c. Cost of enterprise investment2. The concept of forestry production factor and its economic characteristics(概念与特点) 2.1 Characteristic of capital(资本) 2.1.1 The turnover of Capital invested in forestry is slow (周转慢) 2.1.2 Continuous investments but only harvest once (连续投入, 一次性收获) 2.1.3 Big risk of revenue for capital invested in forestry (高风险)2.2 Characteristics of forestry labour (林业劳动特点) 2.2.1 The forestry labour demand is seasonal (需求的季节性) 2.2.2 The workers in forestry is scattered over big area (分散性) 2.2.3 The forestry labour is not specialized on one work process but shou。