法律英语词汇特点与情态动词译法.doc

一、几个需注意的法律词汇普通词 法律概念 例句action, law suitact or omission诉讼作为与不作为DME shall inform AAAAAA in a timely manner of any infringement or apparent or threatened infringement of, or, of any actions, claims or demands in relation to, any patent, trademark, trade name, copyright or design owned by or used by AAAAAA or AAAAAA’S Affiliates within Territoryconsideration Benefit to promisor or detriment to promiseWithout the prior written consent of Seller, Buyer may not directly or indirectly transfer the Equipment to any third party for consideration or without consideration.其内涵是一方为换取另一方做某事的承诺而向另一方支付的金钱代价或得到该种承诺的承诺executed Signed and delivered In witness whereof the parties have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their authorized representatives in the manner legally binding upon executed by them as of the data first written above.hand signature IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.instrument Legal document China is ready to actively push for the early conclusion of an international legal instrument on this issue. 中国愿意积极推动就上述问题尽早达成国际法律文书。

presents This legal document KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS that we…根据本文件（常用于委托书、授权书）serve Deliver legal papers Any notice, demand or communication delivered in accordance with this Clause 4.1 shall be deemed to have been duly served when:damages compensation The Vender shall be responsible for any claim arising from its negligence, delay and improper behavior and should pay the liquidated damages of the Purchaser.Damage 单数形式：损失、损害、Damages 复数形式：赔偿金、损害（视上下文）二、情态动词法律英语中，使用频率较高的几个情态动词主要就是 shall、should、may 和must 几个。

Shall现有法律和合同条文的主句成分中的 shall，在汉语中有很多译法， “须” 、 “应” 、“应当” 、或者忽略不译，主要是根据具体的语境判定其强制性程度使用频率最高的一个词例句：During the term of the Agreement, Party A shall assist Party B with technical teams to implement the manufacturing project. Shouldshould 没有 shall 那样重的含义，它不表示法律义务，只表示一般的建设性义务或道义上的义务，即“宜” 或者作为一种假设性的将来情况出现在句子中，译为“倘若” All above fees of technical assistance should be paid by T/T within 15 days after training is completed by the dispatched personnel.Should any party intends to terminate the Agreement, it shall…May“可” ，强制性最低The Purchaser may by written not less than 90 days’ notice to the Vender terminate this Contract in whole or in part at any time for the Purchaser’s convenience.Party A may terminate this Agreement upon fifteen (15) days with written notice to Party B if any of the following events should occur: “必须” ，强制性最高Purchaser must keep this information confidential in accordance with the terms of this clause 10.Shall not/no…shall “不得” 、 “不应” 、 “无..” 、 “无需”Neither Party hereto shall assign this Agreement without the other party’s prior written consent. The Seller shall not be responsible for any delay caused by the Force Majure event.The Purchaser shall not be entitled to raise any requisition or objection in respect of any of the matters aforesaid.May not/no..may和 may not 都可译为“不得”Finally, you may not authorize or assist any third party to do any of the things prohibited in this paragraph.Must not、should not 在法律文件中极少采用三、几个容易混淆的词汇1 shipping advice 与 shipping instructionsshipping advice 是" 装运通知"，而 shipping instructions 则是" 装运须知"。

2 abide by 与 comply withabide by 与 comply with 都有" 遵守"的意思．但是当主语是"人"时，英译"遵守" 须用 abide by当主语是非人称时，则用 comply with 英译" 遵守" 3 in 与 after 当英译"多少天之后 "的时间时，往往是指 "多少天之后"的确切的一天，所以必须用介词 in，而不能用 after，因为介词 after 指的是"多少天之后"的不确切的任何一天例 6：货物于 11 月 10 日运出，10 天后抵达目的港The good shall be shipped on November 10 and are due to arrive at the destination port in 140 days. 4 on/upon 与 after当英译"……到后，就……"时，用介词 on/upon，而不用 after，因为 after 表示" 之后 "的时间不明确例 7：发票货值须货到付给The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.5 by 与 before当英译终止时间时，比如"在某月某日之前" ，如果包括所写日期时，就用介词 by；如果不包括所写日期，即指到所写日期的前一天为止，就要用介词 before。

例 8：卖方须在 6 月 15 日前将货交给买方The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before June 16，说明含 6 月 15 日在内如果不含 6 月 15 日,就译为 by June 14 或者 before June 15) 四、同义词连用在较规范的合同中，常会遇到很多同义词连用的情况如 This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”就属于此类情形这种固定模式的使用也从一方面体现了合同的严谨在刚接触合同的时候，对这种用法比较生疏以致在英译汉时，就太拘于原文格式，生硬地按照原文格式处理了于是，any and all 就成了任何及所有，transferable or assignable 就成了可转移或转让的，amendments to or alterations of 也就成了修改或变更…..。

看上去虽没什么大错，但放到句子中却有些生硬其实，中文是没有这样的合同用语习惯的因此，我们不妨灵活地合二为一没改变原文意思，反而增加了译文的流畅和可读性见以下实例：amendments to or alterations of ――修改；force and effect――效力；fulfill or perform――履行； furnish and provide―― 提供；make and enter into――达成；null and void――无效；secret and confidential――机密；transferable or assignable――可转让（反之，在合同中译英时采用同义词连用也可使合同更为准确、严谨。