学术英语(理工)_Unit_4.ppt

学术英语 理工Academic English for Science and EngineeringUnit 4 Writing a Literature ReviewUnit Contents1 Writing a literature review2 Writing a self-contained literature review3 Writing a literature review as a part of an essay4 Citation5 Documentation6 Avoiding plagiarism7 Paraphrasing8 Enhancing your academic languageUnit 4 Writing a Literature Review1 Writing a literature reviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature ReviewUnit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Writing a literature Review1 The four essays were published right after the Fukushima disaster in Japan and all addressed the topic of potential risks of nuclear radiation. 2 Radiation is not so terrible as expected and human beings are exposed to different sources of radiation every day. Whether it will endanger human health or not depends on the duration and strength of radiation exposure. 1 Writing a literature Review3 Amber Cornelio holds a different attitude from the other three authors. He believes that radiation exposure will certainly raise the risk of getting cancer and government officials downplay its potential danger to justify its use of nuclear power. Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review1 Writing a literature Review5 It seems that the Text 11, 12, 14 provide more scientific facts about nuclear radiation than Text 13 which is more emotionally charged by using many rhetorical questions and the phrases like “I am simply floored”, “let officials be oblivious”, “not to be outdone”, “Do not tell us about that”. Hence it appears less reliable and trustworthy. Unit 4 Writing a Literature ReviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature Reviewl Additional questions for your understanding of Text 111 By how many particles of radiation from natural sources has a typical person been struck every second?A typical person is, and always has been struck by 15,000 particles of radiation every second from natural sources.1 Writing a literature ReviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature Reviewl Additional questions for your understanding of Text 112 How many deaths are estimated to be caused by air pollution from coal burning per year?Air pollution from coal burning is estimated to be causing 10,000 deaths per year.1 Writing a literature ReviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature Reviewl Additional questions for your understanding of Text 113 What problems can very high radiation doses cause? Very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.1 Writing a literature ReviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature Reviewl Enhancing your academic languageMatch the words with their definitions.5 —— h 10 —— j 1 —— i 2 —— f 3 —— g 4 —— c6 —— a 7 —— b 8 —— e9 —— d 1 Writing a literature ReviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature Reviewl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences. 1 a small (缺口) in the dam 2 (浅的) foundation 3 (履行) a promise 4 the (幸存者) of the earthquake 5 (假设的) situation 6 (发起) a reform 7 have (潜力) as an artist 8 (不顾) their strong disagreement 9 (中和) acids 10 be in (联系) with each other 11 (运输) goods by lorry 12 the (大量) of exportsbreach shallow implement survivor(s) hypothetical initiate potential despite neutralize contact transport volume1 Writing a literature ReviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature Reviewl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.13 (穿透) the fog 14 (证实) my suspicious 15 (战略) of sustainable development 16 a rough (估计) of your income 17 (显著的) change 18 power (产生) 19 (转移) one’s glance from an ugly sight 20 (医学的) apparatus and instruments 21 (传播) knowledge 22 territorial (完整) 23 (赔偿) for the losspenetrate confirm strategy estimate noticeable generation avert medical disperse integrity compensate1 Writing a literature ReviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature Reviewl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the paragraph.Radiation (和原子能有联系). It can cause unwanted chemical reactions in the cell and proteins to fold improperly. Whether it is harmful to man’s health(某种程度上取决于) the degree of exposure. In small doses, the cell has enough mechanisms to (来对付) misfolded proteins and repair itself. When exposed to a large amount of radiation, the cell’s defenses are overwhelmed. Therefore an increase in cancer in the area where (辐射泄漏发生) often (由于长时间暴露在辐射下).is associated with nuclear energydepends somewhat ontake care ofradiation leakage takes placearises fromheavy exposure of radiation1 Writing a literature ReviewUnit 4 Writing a Literature Reviewl Enhancing your academic 。