新概念英语85年上外美音版第四册第19课：EnglishSocial....pdf

新概念英语 85 年上外美音版第四册第 19 课 English Social Lesson 19 English Social Differences 英国社会的差异 A gentleman is rather than does He is interested in nothing in a professional way He is allowed to cultivate hobbies even eccentricities but must not practise a vocation He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly He should have relatives in the army and navy and at least one connection in the diplomatic service But there are weaknesses in the English gentleman s ability to rule us today He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about how foreign countries are governed He does not respect learning and prefers sport The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function and here grave difficulties arise He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer who must buy not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell He attends inadequately to technological development Disbelieving in the necessity of large scale production in the modern world he is passionately devoted to excessive secrecy both in finance and method of production He has an incurable and widespread nepotism in appointment discounting ability and relying upon a mystic entity called character which means in a gentleman s mouth the qualities he traditionally possesses himself His lack of imagination and the narrowness of his social loyal ties have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm He is incapable of that imaginative realism which admits that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and his institutions that every privilege he formely took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare professional n 职业的 cultivate vt 培养 hobby n 业余爱好 eccentricity n 怪癖 cast a fly 垂钓 diplomatic service 外交部门 govern vt 治理 adequacy n 适当 grave a 严重的 sufficiently ad 充分地 inadequately ad 不充分地 disbelieve vt 不相信 devoted a 热心的 excessive a 过度的 incurable a 不可救药的 neotism n 裙带关系 discount vt 看轻 mystic a 神秘的 entity n 存有 本质 narrowness n 狭隘 quality n 品质 estate n 社会阶层 realm n 王国 realism n 现实主义 adjust vt 使适合 privilege n 特权 relevant a 相关的 difference n 差异 1 professional n 职业的 通常略写为 prof 反 amateur 辨异 profession occupation job profession 专业 强调highly skilled highly educated such as lawyer doctor IT engineer architect occupation normal and general everybody can have an occupation job 不但指工作 还能够表示干活 例如家务活 You did a good job 注意 technical vocational school 职业学校 2 cultivate vt 培养 同 nurture develop foster cultivate a hobby habit He is well cultivated educated bred trained 他很有教养 3 hobby n 业余爱好 辨异 mania hobby pastime diversion mania 颠狂 狂热 癖好 hobby n 业余爱好 pastime 消遣 diversion 消遣 指转移注意力 换换脑筋 4 eccentricity n 怪癖 同 odd eccentric 古怪的 怪癖的 concentric 同轴的 同心的 辨异 eccentric outlandish grotesque eccentric 古怪的 怪癖的 outlandish异国风味的 奇异的 古怪的 outlandish clothes奇 装异服 grotesque 怪诞的 艺术 美术 文学中的怪异派 怪异的作品 5 cast a fly 垂钓 同 go fishing on the fishing trip 悠闲 垂钓 cast a net 撒网 为了生存捕鱼 6 diplomatic service 外交部门 airline service航空公司 travel service agency 旅行社 diplomacy 外交 diplomat 外交官 He is a diplomat 他是一个左右逢源的人 He is a philosopher 他是一个夸夸其谈的人 7 govern vt 治理 government governing body 政府 governor 州长 governess 女家教 benevolent government 仁政 8 adequacy n 适当 同 sufficient 反 inadequate He often doubts his adequacy as a father He often doubts whether he is adequate as a father 他常常怀疑他是不是够格做父亲 辨异 deficient sparse meager deficient没有充足的 缺乏的 sparse 稀少 meager 贫乏的 不充分的 不足的 The food is meager for winter 9 grave a 严重的 同 solemn serious severe have one foot in the grave 来 日不多了 grave situation 严峻的形势 gravity 地球引力 严重 10 disbelieve vt 不相信 dis 多做动词的反义词 disappear 消失 disbelieve 不相信 11 devoted a 热心的 同 committed dedicated devote v devote oneself to sth be devoted to sth 注意 to 后面一定要用名词或动名词 He devoted himself to researches He is devoted to researches 他致力于研究 She is devoted to her children 她太溺爱孩子了 这里 devoted 相当于 spoil pamper 12 excessive a 过度的 同 immoderate 反 moderate Excessive studying bores tires me 过多的学习使我厌倦 疲惫不堪 Excessive smoking harms does harm to the health 过度吸烟有害健康 Excessive smoking is dangerous extreme 极端的 13 incurable a 不可救药的 cure 治疗 cure sb 为某人治病 cure sb of 治某人的 病 curable 可治疗的 to breathe one s last 奄奄一息 He is beyond cure remedy 他不行了 不可救了 引申为他不可救药了 He is rotten to the core People heat him to death 人们都恨死他了 I m hungry to death 我都快饿死了 注意 不能说成 I starve to death 14 neotism n 裙带关系 It means giving of favors to his relatives relations by a person man in the high position or promoting the people closest to him backdoor 后门 15 discount vt 看轻 count 数 I count on him 我看重 器重他 discount 打折 以物做宾语 I discount what he sales contempt belittle look down on 以人做宾语 16 mystic a 神秘的 带有宗教色彩 mysterious 则不带宗教色彩 occult 神秘的 玄妙的 supernatural 超自然的 metaphysical 形而上学的 Garden of Eden 伊甸园 nether world 阴间 heavenly world 天堂 17 narrowness n 狭隘 He is narrow minded 他心胸狭窄 He is narrow sighted shortsighted 他目光短浅 narrow escape 九死一生 18 quality n 品质 He is a man of quality 他是一个高尚的人 a lady of quality 贵妇 19 estate n 社会阶层 房地产 class hier。