2022-年考研英语(一)真题及答案.docx

2022年考研英语(一)真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s)fbr each numbered blank and mark At B, CorDon the ANSWER SHEET. (Wpoints)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term **plant neurobiology'* was (1)coined around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be (2) compared to intelligence in animals. (3) Though plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that (4) hinted at consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it (5) differs so greatly from that of animals that so-called (6) evidence of plants* intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006,some scientists have (7) argued that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, (8) forming “a plant nervous system, (9) analogousto that in animals,** said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, HThey (10) even claimed that plants have"brain-like command centers Mat their root tips."This (11) perspective makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, (12) reducing it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. (13) However, the signaling in a plant is only (14) superficially similar to the firing in acomplex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,MTaiz said.MFor consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold (15) level of complexity and capacity is required," he (16) added. HSince plants don't have nervous systems, the (17) chances that they have consciousness are effectively zero."And what's so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can't run away from (18) danger, so investing energy in a body system which (19) recognizes a threat and can feel pain would be a very (20) poor evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1 .A.coined B.discovered C. collected D. issued答案:A2 .A.attributed B. Directed C. compared D. confined 答案:C3 .A.unless B.when C.once D. though 答案:D4 .A.cope with B.consisted of C. hinted at D. extended O答案:C5 .A.suffers B.benefits C. develops D. differs答案:D答案:B7 .A.doubted B.denied C.argued D. requested答案:C8 .A.adapting B.forming C. repairing D. testing答案:B9 .A.analogous B.essential C. suitable D. sensitive答案:AW.A.just B.ever C. still D.even答案:D11 .A.restriction B.experiment C.perspective D. demand答案:C12 .A.attaching B.reducing C.returning D.exposing答案:B13 .A.However B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Otherwise答案:A14 .A.temporarily B.literally C.superficially D.imaginarily答案:C15 .A.list B.level C.label D.local答案:B16 .A.recalled B. agreed C.questioned D. added答案:D答案:A18 .A.danger B.failure C. warning D.control答案:A19 .A.represents B. includes C. reveals D.recognizes答案:D20 .A.humble B.poor C.practical D.easy答案:BSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing Af B. CorD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhereand don't break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle.They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions,such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands."It's like baking a cake: If you don't have exact amounts, it goes wrong," she says. "The object you make is already a time bomb."And sometimes, it's not the artist's fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Piero Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen "nature carpets11 - large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets - which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It's especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi's pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splittingand crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark.So van Oosten and。