苗族龙船节.doc

苗族龙船节The Miao Dragon-Boat Festival龙船节，是黔东南清水江上苗族人民最盛大的节日节日里，聚会的苗族同胞，每年有三四万人In Qingshui River, the southeast of Guizhou Province, Dragon Boat Festival is the biggest festival for the local Miao people here. Nearly thirty or forty thousand Miao compatriots get together on that day every year.龙，在苗族人心目中是吉祥如意的象征苗家姑娘最爱将龙的变形图案打制成银饰装点在头上，或刺绣在衣裙中，编织于围腰上Dragon, in the eyes of the Miao people, is the symbol of good luck and happiness. Miao girls like dragon-shaped things. For example, they use dragon-shaped silver hair ornaments, embroider dragon on their dresses or weave on their loincloths.苗族人民制作的龙船，十分精巧、美观。

龙身由一只母船和两只子船捆扎而成，叫做“子母船”无论子船还是母船，皆为独木镂空两米多长的龙头，用水柳木雕刻，装有一对一米多长的龙角龙头以主色不同，分为赤龙、青龙、黄龙从施秉县的平兆到台江县的六河，每个苗族寨子都建有“龙篷”，用来保护龙船因龙船身长25米，“龙篷”建成七格，每格将近四米长，当地又称之为“七间房”The dragon boats which produced by Miao people, are very sophisticated and beautiful. The dragon’s body contains a mother boat and two small boats, called "barge-carrier". With two meters long water willow carved dragon head which decorated by a pair pf over one meter long dragon horns , all the boats are made of hollowed canoes, and differentiated by the head’s main color, there are red dragon, blue dragon and yellow dragon. From the Pingzhao in Shibing County to Liuhe in Taijiang County, each Miao village built a “dragon shelter” to protect the dragon boats. A “dragon shelter” has seven parts with nearly four meters one part to cover the 25-meter dragon boat. Thus it was called “seven houses” by local people.每年农历5月24日至27日，几十个村寨相继举行龙船节。

当地习惯，从16日开始，只要全寨薅完秧，本寨的龙船便可下水因此，从龙船下水的早晚，可以看出各寨的农事生产进度，在勤劳的苗家人民心中，龙船节到了，地里的秧还未薅完，这是莫大的耻辱The Miao Dragon Boat Festival will celebrate on May 24th to 27th every year. According to local customs, from 16th, people are allowed to send their dragon boats down the river after they have finished all their farm works. So, from the time of sending boats, they can know the agriculture production efficiency of each village. In the eyes of laborious Miao people, it is a shame if they didn’t finish weeding before Dragon Boat Festival.节日期间，家家户户酿米酒，包粽粑，走亲访友，宴请宾朋。

出嫁的姑娘必须携带粽粑、鹅鸭等礼物回娘家，同父母兄妹团聚龙船出发之前，一位歌师唱首吉祥歌，祝愿船只平安During festival days, each family will make rice wine and zongba to dinner guests and visit relatives and friends. Married women should visit their parental home with gifts such as zongba, geese or ducks to bearing gifts-zongba, geese, and ducks to reunite with their parents and siblings.每只龙船都有一位鼓头他是一切活动的主持者，由全寨推选出来的德高望重的老人担任鼓头身着长袍马褂，坐在龙颈上击鼓发令，男扮女装的鼓锣手，由十岁左右的孩童充任40位水手，身着青布上衣、士林蓝裤子，腰系银饰花带，手握五尺木桨，整齐划一，甚是威武水手头上的那特制的马尾斗笠，原是清水江上游苗族姑娘出嫁时的陪嫁品，却成了龙船节水手们必备的一件装饰物。

Each dragon boat has a highly respected old man who is elected by the whole villagers to host all the activities. Wearing a robe jacket, the old man sits on the dragon neck, beating drums to give boatmen commands. There is also a boy, about ten-year old, dressing like a girl sitting on the boats to beat drums and gongs. What looks very amazing: 40 sailors, dressed in green coats, Shihlin blue pants and flower belt with silver ornaments, orderly rowing a boat with a five feet wooden paddle. Used to be the dowry of Miao girls who live in the upstream of Qingshui River, now the special bamboo hats made of horsetail has became a necessary ornaments of the sailors during the Dragon Boat Festival.苗族龙船节，与汉族的端午节不同。

除时间不同外，一般不举行竞赛，主要活动是串寨子，走亲访友清晨，龙船开始在江水中游动，所到之处，亲尤们纷纷到岸边“接龙”龙船过寨，鸣放铁炮传告亲友，岸上以鞭炮声相呼应亲友们上前，向船上的人各敬两杯米酒，并将礼品--鹅鸭、彩绸挂于龙头如系女婿、姑舅等至亲，送上的礼物则是猪羊Miao’s Dragon Boat Festival is different with Han’s. Except for the different times, the main activities of the Miao’s Dragon Boat festival is visiting other villages, relatives and friends rather than holding dragon boat competition. Early morning on festival days, many dragon boats have set out. Everywhere along the river bank is filled with people waiting boats. If a dragon boat pass by a village, people there will fire crackers to inform their friends and relatives to come forward to toast the people on board with two cups of rice wine and tie the gifts - geese, ducks or color silks on the dragon head. While the close relatives such as the son-in-law and uncle should give the gifts like pigs or sheep. 下午四时左右，龙船靠岸休息，水手们将糯米饭团和肉类放置船帮上就餐。

不用碗筷，双手捏出的糯米饭团格外清香可口岸上的妇女和小孩纷纷前来“讨路边饭”传说，吃了龙船上的食品，能消灾免难，百事如愿后来，这就成为传统的风俗习惯At about four o'clock in the afternoon, the dragon boats stop on the shore so that the sailors can have a rest and eat glutinous rice balls, meat. Without bowls or chopsticks, sailors enjoy eating the foods with their hand. The women and children on the shore come to ask for the food. It is said that the food on the dragon boats can bring people good luck and avoid calamities. So it became a traditional custom later.岸上，还有苗家传统的赛马、斗牛、踩鼓等活动。

姑娘们身着节日盛装，应着木鼓鼓点翩翩起舞飞歌往来，昼夜不绝，青年男女通过对歌，互相了解，建立感情，增进团结和友谊，以致结成幸福家庭On the land, there are also Miao traditional activities such as horse racing, bullfighting, foot drum. Girls dress in festive costumes and dance with the drum rhythm. For the young p。