初中被动语态.ppt

 英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态被动语态 (the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.注：注：后面后面能接宾语的动词能接宾语的动词vt才有被动语态才有被动语态( (一一一一) )什么时候用被动语态什么时候用被动语态什么时候用被动语态什么时候用被动语态: :1.1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时不知道谁是动作的执行者时不知道谁是动作的执行者时不知道谁是动作的执行者时2.2.没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时3.3.只需要强调动作的承受着时只需要强调动作的承受着时只需要强调动作的承受着时只需要强调动作的承受着时The blouse is made of silk.The zipper is often used in our daily life.I think the TV was invented after the car.be + 过去分词过去分词( (二二) )被动语态最基本结构被动语态最基本结构: :有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化,时态不同，结构不同时态不同，结构不同1. 一般现在时和一般过去式句子的被动语态：一般现在时和一般过去式句子的被动语态： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice Rice is grownis grown by people in the south of the by people in the south of the country. country. The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We We are not allowedare not allowed to enter the chemistry lab to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher by the school. without a teacher by the school. He lost his key yesterday. His key was lost by him yesterday.归纳结构：主语主语+am / is / are/was/were + PP主变被步骤主变被步骤: :1.找宾语找宾语: 即动作的承受者即动作的承受者(改为主语改为主语)He washed his car yesterday. His car3. 判断判断新主语新主语的单复数的单复数:确定确定be动词的单复数动词的单复数. be4. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 : 即即be动词的时态动词的时态.2. 修改谓语的语态修改谓语的语态:即即be+原原V.过去分词过去分词 washed5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 :即即by +主语主语(变宾格变宾格). (by him) yesterday.iswas wasThey make the bikes in the factory. . The bikesin the factory.are madethembyPeople grow rice in the south of the country.He lost his key yesterday.They planted many trees last year.We clean our classroom every day.1. This English song ________ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sangD. is often sung2.Why _______ to talk about it yesterday? A. didn’t a meeting hold B. wasn’t a meeting held C. wasn’t held a meeting D. a meeting wasn’t held3. I _______ in summer. A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born 4. The People’s Republic of China _____ on October 1,1949.A.Found B. was founded C. is founded D. was foundB.5. English ________ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken6.More than 100 trees _______ (plant) in our school last spring.7.What _____ this kind of flower _______ (call)?1. They sell oranges in the shop. ______________________________________.2. People don’t produce oil in America. ______________________________________.3. How many TV sets did you sell last week?______________________________________.4. Helen’s parents sent her to school when she was nine.5.People make ice-wine in Canada.______________________________________.6. Do people speak English in many countries?______________________________________. 8.Plates and dishes ______ (not wash) after supper yesterday.9.The song ___________ (not like) by most of us. 7.She gave me a pen.2.. 含有情态动词：情态动词含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 We must keep the classroom clean.The classroom must be kept clean.We should allow the students to have their free time.The students should be allowed to have their free time .( (三三) )语态转换时要注意的问题语态转换时要注意的问题1. 1. 把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误错误) 2. 2. 含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语( (指指物物) )改改为为主主语语，，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语( (指指人人) )前前加加适适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday. 保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语注意：注意：注意：注意：一般在下列一般在下列动词后，常在后，常在间接接宾语前用介前用介词 to，，如：如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, tell,read 等。

等 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列一般在下列动词后，后，间接接宾语前用介前用介词 for, 如：如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等 Mother made me a new skirt. = (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. 3. 由由动动词词+ 介介词词或或副副词词构构成成的的短短语语动动词词，，要要把把它它们们作作为为整整体体看看，，即即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉,这类动词有这类动词有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of,, carry out,, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。

等 The patient is being The patient is being operated on.operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be The problem is solved. It needn't be talked abouttalked about. . His request was His request was turned downturned down. . The sports meeting will be The sports meeting will be put offput off because of the bad because of the bad weather. weather. The child is The child is taken good care oftaken good care of4. 注意：注意：注意：注意：在在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，，但改成被动语但改成被动语态后都带态后都带to，， We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school.We often see kate play soccer in the playground.Bill watched the monkeys run around.•A traffic accident _________(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词连系动词（（Link.v.) 如：如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…•Peking Opera ________ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:•The pen _________ (write) very fast.writes•This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物动词不及物动词（（vi.) 如如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, …（四）不用被动语态的动词：（四）不用被动语态的动词： (表示主语的自然属性特征表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：常见动词：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, …§The books ____ well．． A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold§This kind of cloth ____ easily．． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed【【2011北京】北京】1. Many accidents____ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause【【2011上海】上海】2. An official _____ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed【【2011天津】天津】3. Today a lot of information can _____ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving【【2011重庆】重庆】4. I’m glad to find that many trees_______ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted【【2011陕西陕西】】5. Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows B. doesn't allow C. is allowed D. isn't allowed【【2011安徽安徽】】6. Don't worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept【【2011山东山东】】7. It’s true that Shakespeare’s play ______ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seenCorrecting mistakeCorrect the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball．．2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university．．3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sentwill lastwere hurt4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day．．5)His plan is sounded good．．beginssounds例如：例如： 据说据说……It is said /thought that … 据报导据报导……It is reported that … 据推测据推测……It is supposed that … 希望希望……It is hoped that … 众所周知众所周知……It is well known that … 普遍认为普遍认为……It is generally considered that … 有人建议有人建议……It is suggested that … 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 3) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（五）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主（五）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示3. 一般将来时：一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars Cars will be sentwill be sent abroad by sea. abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs Plenty of jobs will be givenwill be given to school-leavers. to school-leavers. . 过去将来时：过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The The manager manager said said the the project project would would be be completedcompleted by by the the end of the year. end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The The workers workers told told me me that that the the car car would would be be mendedmended as as soon soon as possible. as possible. 4. 现在进行时：现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons English lessons are being broadcastare being broadcast on the radio. on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms The rooms are being paintedare being painted. . . 过去进行时：过去进行时： — Why didn't they drive there on time? — Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road Because the road was being mendedwas being mended. . This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees Trees were being plantedwere being planted here this time last year. here this time last year. 5. 现在完成时：现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.the sports meet might be put off. I I have been toldhave been told the sports meet might be put off. the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price The price has been brought downhas been brought down. . 过去完成时：过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they they had had already already sold sold outout the tickets. the tickets. When When I I got got to to the the theatre, theatre, I I found found the the tickets tickets had had already already been sold out. been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People People had consideredhad considered him to be a great leader. him to be a great leader. He He had been consideredhad been considered to be a great leader. to be a great leader. 6: 动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态1.be going to do---be going to be done2.be about to do---be about to be doneEg: They are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.The murderdr is about to be shot by them.总结被动语态的结构总结被动语态的结构一般现在时/一般过去式be +done (is/am/are/was were)一般将来时/过去将来时will/would+done现在进行时/过去进行时be +being+done现在完成时/过去完成时has/have/had+done含情态动词情态动词 + be done不定式to be done说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 (1) The police found that the house ____and a lot of things _________. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen (2) If city noises ______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have toDPracticePracticeA(3) ---______ the sports meet might be put off. ---Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told(4) The maths problem ______ among the students soon. A. is about to be discuss B. is going to be discussed C. is to discuss D. is going to have been discussedAB1.The new dictionaries are very useful. They ____well and ____already .A .sell, have been sold outB. sold, had sold outC. sell , sell outD. are sold , have been sold out2. ---I saw Dave in lift this morning. ---Really? He___around here for a long time.A. won’t be seenB. wasn’t seeC. hasn’t been seenD. hadn’t been seen3. The window is dirty.----I know. It ___ for weeks.A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t cleanC. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned4. The hero’s story ___differently in the newspapers.A.was reported B. was reportingC.reports D. reported5.----Why did you leave that position? ----I ___a better position at IBM.A.offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered6. More than a dozen students in that school___abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent7. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which___placed under the Minister’s car.A.has been B.was beingC. had been D.would be8. Millions of pounds’ worth damage____by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC. will be caused D.will have been caused9. When the old man___to walk back to his house,the sun____itself behind the mountain.A.started ; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started ; was hidingD. was starting; hid10:The water ___cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games___open, the whole world cheered.A.declared B.have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared13. In a room above the store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table.A.would be held B.has been heldC.will be held D. is being held14. The new type of cellphone ___better if it is advertised on TV.A.will sell B. sells C. would sell D.sold15. The bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built16. "This cloth _____well and _____ long. “ "Ok. I'll take it. "A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting17. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 18. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. = His room _____ by him when I entered the room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned19. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _____ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasn't repaired 20. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 21. My little sister has broken my watch. = My watch _____ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been broken D. has been broken1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍并且保证棍子插直了子插直了;6.用绳子用绳子（（rope））把棍子和树绑起来把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水. 根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。

尽量使用下文连贯尽量使用被动语态被动语态，，80词左右1.树要在春天树要在春天种种;2.树坑要树坑要挖挖得得够大够大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把树树放进放进坑里坑里, 扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用脚脚踩实踩实;5.在旁边在旁边插插一根坚一根坚实的长棍子实的长棍子,并且并且保证保证棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用绳子（绳子（rope））把把棍子棍子和和树树绑起来绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput … into…be kept straightpush … back to…push … hard with …knock … into …be kept straightbe tied to… with…be watered well Trees must be planted in Spring. The hole must be dug large enough but not too deep. Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight. Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet. Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must be kept straight. Trees can be tied to the stick with a rope. And they must be watered well. •带复合宾语带复合宾语(宾语宾语+ 宾补宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。

如：的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面如：•a,动词动词+宾语宾语+adj We always keep the classroom clean. • →The classroom is always kept clean. •b,动词动词+宾语宾语+ n They chose Tom captain.• → Tom was chosen captain•c.动词动词+宾语宾语+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. • →We were told to follow her instructions. •d,动词动词+宾语宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor• →he was found lying on the floor•e,动词动词+宾语宾语+done we found all our seats occupied.• →All our seats were found occupied.3.不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义：动形式表被动含义：1.She had only a cold room to live in.2.I have a meeting to attend.3.I have a lot of homework to do4.She has many children to look after5.I gave him a cake to eat6.I gave him a book to read。