高考语法定语从句总复习.doc

1高考语法定语从句总复习定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句一、关系带词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Whowhich that/who/which主语Whomwhichthat宾语Whose (=of whom)Whose (=of which)that例１：This is the detective who came from London.例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.２．关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及序数词等后面或由first, last, any, few, most, no, some,等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。

3) 如果先行词被the only（唯一的）、 the very（恰恰，正是 ）等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom4） 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that5) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which/that例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?（在这的所有人中谁和你一起去？）（6）如果先行词是在由what,who,which由引出的特殊疑问句中,关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom7) 如果先行词用在there be结构中，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom8)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(9) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。

在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(10) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中11) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征．品性或才能的人12) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who３．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。

例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. （这是她曾今照顾的孩子二、关系副词引导的定语从句1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语2. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。

例如：This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about..四、As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（１）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词２）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which例如：The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.(３）the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的2．As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后例如：As is expected, the England team won the football match.五、英语定语从句专项练习单项填空1．I think you’re got to the point_______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.A. when B that C. where D. which2．The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.A. when B. that C. in which D. on which3．Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________ people were eaten by the tiger.A. that B. by which C. which D. in which 4．There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that 5．______ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As 6．______ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What 7．There are many people_________ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.A.who B.that C.which D.whose 8．EBay,Amazon and WalMart are popular websites_______people can sell goods to each other.A.where B.which C.when D.whose9．On his 10th birthday.Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _____he believes that he can go to the wild.A.which B.from what C.through which D.that10．I hope________the little _____I have been able to do has been of some use.A.that;that B./;by which C.what;what D./;with which11．The farmers use wood to build a house______to store grains all the year around.A.with which B.to whichC.which D.in which 12．This was a film_________ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.A.which B.when C.in which D.there13．The thought of going home to his family was allkept him happy while he was working abroad.A.that B.what C.those D.which14．A container weighs more after air is put in_____proves that air has weight.A.as B.it C.that D.which 15．—Can you tell me where Peter lives?—Over there.The two storey house, _____there is a garden.。