
动词的时态和语态.ppt
88页动词的时态动词的时态动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态动词的语态动词的语态 Exercises 动词的时态动词的时态1.1.综述综述 2. 2. 一般现在时一般现在时 3. 3. 一般过去时一般过去时 4. 4. 一般将来时一般将来时 5. 5. 现在进行时现在进行时 6. 6. 过去进行时过去进行时 7. 7. 现在完成时现在完成时 8. 8. 过去完成时过去完成时 9. 9. 过去将来时过去将来时 10. 10. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时动词的时态动词的时态——综述综述 一般一般 进行进行 完成完成 完成进行完成进行 现在现在am, is , are, do, does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing将来将来 will/shall do will/shall be doing will/shall have done will/shall have been doing 过去过去was, were, did, v-ed was/were doing had donehad been doing 过去过去将来将来 would/should do would/should be doing would/should have done would/should have been doing 动词的时态动词的时态——一般现在时一般现在时1 1.一般现在时.一般现在时1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。
句中常用征和真理句中常用often, usually, every day等时间等时间状语 We usually spend ten minutes doing fast reading exercises in class. She is always the first to hand in her paper in the exam. 动词的时态动词的时态——一般现在时一般现在时v2) 在在时时间间状状语语从从句句、、条条件件状状语语从从句句和和让让步步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来v When we graduate, we’ll go wherever we are needed most.v If it rains tomorrow, we’ll put off our sports meet.v3) 表示按计划、规定要发生的动作,句中都带有表示按计划、规定要发生的动作,句中都带有时间状语,但限于少数动词如时间状语,但限于少数动词如v begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等。
表按计划、日程安排及时间表要等表按计划、日程安排及时间表要发生的动作发生的动作vThe meeting begins at 5 and ends at 9.vThe plane takes off at 8:00. Don’t be late tomorrow.动词的时态动词的时态——一般现在时一般现在时v4)一般现在时表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理一般现在时表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理v Time and tide wait for no man.v The sun rises in the east.v The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year.动词的时态动词的时态——一般现在时一般现在时v5)主语现在的特征,性格和状态主语现在的特征,性格和状态v She is always ready to help others.v --- Do you sing? v --- A little.动词的时态动词的时态——一般现在时一般现在时v6)由由here, there开头的句子,动词用一般现在时表示开头的句子,动词用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。
正在发生的动作vThere goes the bell.vHere comes the teacher.动词的时态动词的时态——一般现在时一般现在时典型例题典型例题1. The boy wondered why an apple ___ down to the ground not up into the sky. A. falls B. fell C. drop D. dropped2. Look! How well the coat ____ you! A. fit B. fits C. fitted D. is fit3. Please go and find out when our plane to Beijing _______ . A. take off B. will take off C. takes off D. is about taking off4. I don’t know when he ____ back, but when he ____ back I will let you know. A. comes; comes B. will come; will comes C. will come; comes D. comes; will come5. I _____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play6. Would you please give him this message the moment he _______ ? A. arrives B. arrived C. will arrive D. will be arriving7. However hard you ____ , you will never succeed in pleasing him. A. should try B. will try C. would try D. try动词的时态动词的时态——一般过去时一般过去时l) 表示过去经常性、习惯性、反复发生的动作或状态。
表示过去经常性、习惯性、反复发生的动作或状态I usually got up at 6 when I was in the primary school. I studied hard when I was at school.2) 表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to”和和“would +动词原形动词原形”We used to be close friends. But now we have lost touch with each other. They would come to our help when we were in trouble.动词的时态动词的时态——一般过去时一般过去时3) 表示过去短暂的一次性动作常与之连用的状语表示过去短暂的一次性动作常与之连用的状语: yesterday, last week/year, a few years ago, just now, after+时间段等时间段等Yesterday we organized an outing.Last Sunday we visited the Great Wall.When did you leave the party last night?动词的时态动词的时态——一般过去时一般过去时4) 用于时间、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中表过去用于时间、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中表过去将来。
将来The coach said the training would be put off if it rained.My neighbour asked me to look after her child until she returned.5) 表过去不知,现在已知表过去不知,现在已知Oh, it’s you. I didn’t expect to see you here.I am sorry, but I didn’t know you were so busy.Your telephone number again. I didn’t quite catch it.典型例题典型例题1. The minute I _____ her, I knew that something ____ wrong with her. A. have seen; gone B. had seen; had C. saw; was D. see; had gone2. I ____ the notice when I was waiting for the bus at the station. A. read B. reads C. would read D. had read典型例题典型例题3. I am sorry, but I _____ you _____ here. How long have you been here? A. do not know; are B. not know; were C. did not know; were D. was not known; was4. They should have told me the truth, but they _____ . A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t5. The meat must be bad. It ____ a terrible smell. A. gives off B. gave off C. is giving off D. will give off典型例题典型例题6. Dickens ____ many novels in all his life, some of which people ____ even now. A. wrote; liked B. wrote; like C. was writing; likes D. had written; liked7. Until she was married, she ____ any new clothes. A. has not had B. does not have C. has never D. did not have典型例题典型例题8. --- Smoking is forbidden in the workshop, please stop it. --- Sorry, I ______ . A. have no idea B. don’t know C. was not sure D. didn’t know9. --- Has your father returned from Africa yet? --- Yes, but he ____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be典型例题典型例题10. He ____ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played11. He works in China now, but he ____in Africa for eight years. A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. has been working动词的时态动词的时态——现在进行时现在进行时1) 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
如:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作如:The boys are reading magazines.Are the students dancing?Mr. Green is talking with Jim in the classroom. 2)表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作(尽管此时表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作(尽管此时此刻该动作并不进行)此刻该动作并不进行)The couple are saving money to buy a new house.--- What is he doing this week?--- He is translating a novel.动词的时态动词的时态——现在进行时现在进行时3) 表示最近按计划、安排将要进行的动作,常见的表示最近按计划、安排将要进行的动作,常见的动词有:动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, return, meet, take 等,这时往往有一个表示将来的时间状语等,这时往往有一个表示将来的时间状语We are leaving on Friday.When are you starting off?I am going to the States and I am taking my parents.动词的时态动词的时态——现在进行时现在进行时4) 有时可以表示有时可以表示“暂时、临时的动作或状态暂时、临时的动作或状态”This is not my raincoat. Mine is hanging behind the door.--- What is the result?--- Time is not up. But our team is now leading.动词的时态动词的时态——现在进行时现在进行时5)现在进行时常与副词现在进行时常与副词always, forever, often, continually, constantly, all the time连用,表示反连用,表示反复出现或习惯性动作,含有说话者的赞扬、不满、复出现或习惯性动作,含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。
讨厌、遗憾等情绪The girl is always smiling happily.You’re always making the same mistake.She’s constantly changing her mind.动词的时态动词的时态——现在进行时现在进行时6) 一般来说,只有延续性动词才可用于进行时态,一般来说,只有延续性动词才可用于进行时态,但有些非延续性动词,如但有些非延续性动词,如: die, stop, start, finish等,用于进行时态表示等,用于进行时态表示“马上就要、即将马上就要、即将……”Wait a minute. I am finishing my homework.等会儿,我快要做完我的作业了等会儿,我快要做完我的作业了Look! Their team is losing/ winning the game.看!他们的队快输了看!他们的队快输了/赢了The old man is dying.The sun is setting.动词的时态动词的时态——现在进行时现在进行时7) 有的介词短语也可以表示正在进行的动作有的介词短语也可以表示正在进行的动作Don’t disturb me; I am at work.It is reported that the workers are on strike.My TV set is under repair.典型例题典型例题1. Listen! It ____ outside. Let’s go out and collect our clothes in. A. rains B. rained C. is raining D. has rained2. My house is too small. I _____ of buying a bigger one. A. thinks B. was thinking C. thought D. am thinking3. I don’t want to lend him any money. He _____ without paying back. A. is always borrowing B. always is borrowing C. is always lending D. always is lending典型例题典型例题4. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ______. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off5. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People ____ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning典型例题典型例题6. --- Hello, Mary. We haven’t seen each other for years. What _____ now? --- I _____ at university and I will graduate this summer. A. do you do; have studied B. are you doing; study C. are you doing; am studying D. are you going to do; am studying7. There _____ so little rain this year that the crops _____ . A. is; died B. are; has died C. was; have died D. has been; are dying典型例题典型例题8. Oh, Mum, you ____ again! Leave them to me. A. often washes B. washes C. are washing D. have washed9. --- Are you still busy? --- Yes, I _____ my work, and it won’t take long. A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish10. --- You are drinking too much. --- Only at home. No one ____ me but you. A. sees B. is seeing C. had seen D. saw动词的时态动词的时态——过去进行时过去进行时1)过过去去进进行行时时表表示示过过去去某某一一时时刻刻、、某某一一阶阶段段正正进进行的动作,由行的动作,由“was/were+现在分词现在分词”构成。
构成He was reading a novel when I came in..He was doing his homework at 9 last night.2)表表示示过过去去某某一一时时间间正正在在进进行行的的 动动作作,,说说话话的的那那一刻动作不一定正在进行一刻动作不一定正在进行He told us that he was considering going abroad.They said they were saving money to buy a house.动词的时态动词的时态——过去进行时过去进行时3)表示过去按计划、安排将要进行的动作,常见的动词有表示过去按计划、安排将要进行的动作,常见的动词有 go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, return, meet, take 等,等,这时往往有一个表示将来的时间状语这时往往有一个表示将来的时间状语I heard he was leaving on Friday.The new boss is arriving today? I thought he was arriving tomorrow.4)和现在进行时一样,过去进行时也可与和现在进行时一样,过去进行时也可与always, forever, often, continually, constantly, all the time等词连用,表等词连用,表示感情色彩。
示感情色彩She was always working deep into the night when she was young.动词的时态动词的时态——过去进行时过去进行时5) 过去进行时表示说话之前一直进行的动作或状态,是高过去进行时表示说话之前一直进行的动作或状态,是高考的重要内容考的重要内容 ---I was wondering if we could have a picnic on the weekend. --- I can’t agree more. --- Can you answer my question? --- Sorry, I wasn’t listening. Would you please repeat that question.动词的时态动词的时态——过去进行时过去进行时注:注:1)进行时表示的是说话进或者现阶段性的动作,因进行时表示的是说话进或者现阶段性的动作,因此具有此具有暂时性,持续性和未完性暂时性,持续性和未完性My cousin is writing a novel. I wonder when he will finish it.I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.When I left, she was washing her clothes. I think she is through with them now.未完性未完性暂时性暂时性未完性未完性动词的时态动词的时态——过去进行时过去进行时注:注:2)进行时不可与表示一段时间的状语连用,完成进进行时不可与表示一段时间的状语连用,完成进行时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用行时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用我一直等了两个小时,但他还没有来。
我一直等了两个小时,但他还没有来I am waiting for two hours, but he hasn’t turn up.I have been waiting for two hours, but he hasn’t turn up.When we arrived there, it had been raining for four days.典型例题典型例题1. --- What’s wrong with your coat? --- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting2. Goodness! You’re here now. where have you been? We ____ you back home. A. were expecting B. are expecting C. have expected D. expect典型例题典型例题3. --- Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. --- Where was I ? --- You _____ you didn’t like your father’s job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying4. --- What were you doing when Tom came to see you? --- I ___ on my overcoat and ___ to visit a friend of mine. A. have just put; leaving B. was put; was left C. had just put; was leaving D. was putting; left典型例题典型例题5. Unfortunately when I arrived there she ____ , so we only had time for a few words. A. just left B. has just left C. was just leaving D. had just left6. He ___ a model plane the whole morning, I supposed he would also do some washing. A. made B. had made C. was making D. has made7. --- Hey, look where you are going? --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry ____ . A. I’m not noticing B. I don’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I wasn’t noticing动词的时态动词的时态——一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态,常用一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态,常用“shall(第一人称)或(第一人称)或will(其它人称)(其它人称)+动词原形动词原形”,常伴有将来的时间状语:,常伴有将来的时间状语:this evening, tomorrow, next Monday(week, month), at the end of this term, in a few minutes…They will fly to Beijing in three days.We shall graduate in a few months.动词的时态动词的时态——一般将来时一般将来时v将来时的其它表示法将来时的其它表示法v1. be going to 1) 1) 表现在打算或计划将来要做的事。
表现在打算或计划将来要做的事I am going to write to Henry this evening.Are you going to visit the Science Museum this afternoon? 2) 2) 从从……迹象上看要迹象上看要……It looks as if it is going to rain.I think they are going to win the match.This rope is going to break down.动词的时态动词的时态——一般将来时一般将来时v2. be about to 1) 1) 表即将发生的动作表即将发生的动作““正要,将要正要,将要””The meeting is about to begin.He is about to start on a journey. 2) 2) 不与表示将来的时间状语连用,但可与不与表示将来的时间状语连用,但可与whenwhen连用连用She was about to go to the cinema when I came.动词的时态动词的时态——一般将来时一般将来时v3. be to do 1) 1) 表按计划、安排要做某事。
表按计划、安排要做某事I am to meet Mr. Brown at eleven o’clock this morning.There is to be a concert on Saturday evening. 2) 2) 表说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令表说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令All the questions are to be answered at once.We are to take care of all these children.The door is not to be opened. 命令命令职责、义务职责、义务命令命令动词的时态动词的时态——一般将来时一般将来时v3. be to do 3) 3) 表表““注定要注定要……”” Her plan is to be a failure. 4) 4) 表应该,相当于表应该,相当于shouldshould What is to be done?补:补:will用法用法1) 1) 表临时决定表临时决定--- You’ve left the light on.--- Oh, so I have. I will go and turn it off.2) 2) 表必然性表必然性If today is Wednesday, tomorrow will be Thursday.典型例题典型例题改错:改错:1. I’m going to be thirty next year. I will/ shall be thirty next year2. If you will see him, please tell him about it. If you see him, please tell him about it. If she will listen to me, I’ll give her some advice. will有时可表意愿有时可表意愿典型例题典型例题3. --- Your job ___ open for your return. --- Thanks. A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept4. --- ____ leave at the end of the month. --- I don’t think you should do that until ___ another job. A. I’m going to; you’d found B. I’m going to; you’ve found C. I’ll; you’ll find D. I’ll; you’d hind典型例题典型例题5.--- Look at the black clouds. It ____ soon. --- Sure. If only we ____ out. A. is raining; didn’t come B. is to rain; won’t start C. isn’t rain; haven’t started D. is going to rain; hadn’t come6. --- What are you going go do this afternoon? --- I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _____ quite early, so we ___ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go 典型例题典型例题7. No one ____ this building without the permission of the police. A. is leaving B. is to leave C. has left D. will be leaving8. --- When do you know the concert is supposed to start? --- It _____ . A. will be started soon B. is about to start C. will be about to start soon D. set about starting典型例题典型例题9. If you ___ wait over there for a minute, Mr. Smith, I’ll tell our manager you’ve arrived. A. are going to B. shall C. will D. can10. --- Did you tell Julia about the result? --- Oh, no, I forgot. I ______ . A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call11. --- Don’t go there alone in such late hours. --- Don’t worry. I ____ . A. don’t B. won’t C. didn’t D. haven’t典型例题典型例题12. Because the shop ____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down动词的时态动词的时态——过去过去将来时将来时过去将来时过去将来时1) 过去将来时表示过去某一时间来看将来要发生的过去将来时表示过去某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或状态,常用动作或状态,常用“should(第一人称)或(第一人称)或would(其它人称)(其它人称)+动词原形动词原形”,,常用于宾语从句中。
常用于宾语从句中He said he would go to the north for the holiday.I told her I should return the book in a few days.2) was/were going to “原打算原打算…”Lily was going to have cleaned her bedroom, but she had no time.动词的时态动词的时态——过去过去将来时将来时3))was/were to do表过去计划或安排将要做某事表过去计划或安排将要做某事He said he was to finish the work in a week.She told me that she was to plant some trees in the yard.4) was/were about to 过去即将发生的动作过去即将发生的动作The bus was bout to start.I was about to go out when the telephone rang.典型例题典型例题1. --- Why didn’t you put your cellphone in your overcoat pocket? --- I was afraid it ______ . A. would be stolen B. was stolen C. will be stolen D. is stolen2. In a room above the store, where a party _____ , some workers were busily setting the table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成时现在完成时v1) 发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果或影响。
发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果或影响China has already made great progress in science and technology.Thousands of miles of good roads have joined town and country.He has left his key at his office.动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成时现在完成时v2) 动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还要持续下动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常与之连用的时间状语有:去,常与之连用的时间状语有:for + 时间段时间段, since + 时间点时间点, today, these days, this morning, so far, recently, (ever) since, lately, in/for/over/during the past/last + 时间段等时间段等vShe has taught in this school since graduation.vSo far I have not found any mistake in his work.vHe has lived in America since 1960.vWe have studied English for six years.vIn the past three years the president has visited the country twice.动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成时现在完成时v3) 现在完成时可用在时间、条件状语从名中,表示现在完成时可用在时间、条件状语从名中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作vHe will come as soon as he has finished the homework.vIf you have read the book before I leave, please lend it to me.vDon’t get off the bus until it has stopped.动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成时现在完成时v4) have been to have gone tovI have been to Beijing several times.v--- Where’s Mr. Green? --- He has gone to Washington.去了已经回来去了已经回来去了还没回来去了还没回来动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成时现在完成时v5) 几个习惯句型:几个习惯句型:vIt is 5 years since I joined the army in 1980.vIt has been 3 years since I worked as a journalist.vI told them it was at least 5 years since I had enjoyed a good drink.vIt/This/That is the first time we have met.vIt/This/That was the first time we had met.动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成时现在完成时v其它时态习惯句型:其它时态习惯句型:It won’t be long before he comes back.It was three days before he came back. be doing/be on the point of doing/be about to do/had just done sth… whenNo sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when the telephone rang.动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成时现在完成时v注意:注意:v1) 非延续性动词可以用于完成时态,只是它们不可与非延续性动词可以用于完成时态,只是它们不可与since, for 短语连用。
短语连用vHe has gone abroad.vHe has stayed in the USA for 5 years/ since 5 years ago.v2) for + 一段时间不总是与完成时态连用一段时间不总是与完成时态连用vHer husband will serve for another 3 years.vI stayed in the States for more than ten months.v现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 都表示过去发生的动作差别在于:都表示过去发生的动作差别在于:现在完成时现在完成时强强调的是这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在的影响;调的是这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在的影响;而而一般过去时一般过去时只表示动作在过去某时发生,不表示只表示动作在过去某时发生,不表示和现在有关系因此,句中有过去时间状语时,通和现在有关系因此,句中有过去时间状语时,通常用一般过去时试比较:常用一般过去时试比较:I have lost my new bike. (未找到未找到)I lost my new bike yesterday. (不清楚结果不清楚结果) He worked there for three years. (已不在已不在)He has worked there for three years. (仍在仍在)动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成时现在完成时典型例题典型例题1. My friend, who ____ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served2. The construction of the two new railway lines ___ by now. A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed典型例题典型例题3. --- Don’t you know I make the decision here? --- ____ , not until you ___ me. A. Yes; have told B. No; have told C. Yes; tell D. No; are telling4. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ______ ? A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish典型例题典型例题5. ____ the man got home ___ he see that a policeman was waiting for him. A. Hardly had; when B. No sooner had; than C. As soon as; then D. Not until; did动词的时态动词的时态——过去完成时过去完成时l) 过过去去完完成成时时由由“had+过过去去分分词词”构构成成。
过过去去完完成成时时的的动动词词表表示示过过去去某某一一时时刻刻或或某某一一动动作作之之前前完完成成的的动动作作或或状状态态句句中中常常用用 by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+ 句子句子, before 2000, until, when 等词引导的时间状语例如:等词引导的时间状语例如:By the end of last year we had built five new houses.By the time he was 14, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.句中没有明显的时间状语,但动作先后由上下文表现出来句中没有明显的时间状语,但动作先后由上下文表现出来She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.The play had stared when we arrived at the theater.要要使使用用过过去去完完成成时时,,必必须须要要有有一一个个“参参照照物物”这这个个“参参照照物物”要么是过去的动作或状态,要么是过去的一个时间点。
要么是过去的动作或状态,要么是过去的一个时间点动词的时态动词的时态——过去完成时过去完成时v2) 若两个动作紧接着发生,常不用过去完成时,若两个动作紧接着发生,常不用过去完成时,而用一般过去时而用一般过去时vI was born in China and brought up I the States.vHe got up at 7::00, washed his face, had some food and went to work.v在在before, after引导的时间状语从句是,因为它们引导的时间状语从句是,因为它们本身就已经表明了动作的先后顺序,所以可以不本身就已经表明了动作的先后顺序,所以可以不用过去完成时用过去完成时vAfter he (had) left the room, the boss came in.动词的时态动词的时态——过去完成时过去完成时v3) 表未曾实现的愿望表未曾实现的愿望,,“原原…,却没有,却没有 /没有能没有能…”, 常见常见动词有:动词有:intend, think, hope, mean, plan, wanted等这些动词表示的必须是过去的过去,否则要用一般过去时。
些动词表示的必须是过去的过去,否则要用一般过去时vI had planned to go and see you, but an unexpected guest came to my house.vI planned to stay with you today, but now I have an important meeting to attend. vWe had hoped to catch the 8:00 train, but found it had gone.vWe hoped to catch the 8:00 train, but now it is impossible.动词的时态动词的时态——过去完成时过去完成时v3) 其它表未曾实现的愿望其它表未曾实现的愿望v1. think, suppose等的一般过去时后接宾语从句等的一般过去时后接宾语从句vPeople thought he had died.v2. be/mean/intend to have done, 以及以及would/should like/love to have donevWe were to have arrived there in time, but our ship broke down.vI meant to have treated him but he paid the bill in the end.vI had meant to treat him but he paid the bill in the end.vShe would like to have gone to the party, but she had to be on duty.动词的时态动词的时态——过去完成时过去完成时v3) 其它表未曾实现的愿望其它表未曾实现的愿望v3. was/were going tovI was going to tell you about it, but did you give me any chance?vWe were going to picnic last Sunday, but the weather failed us.典型例题典型例题1. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he ___ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned2. I ____ to meet Mr. Thompson this morning, but o found nobody ____ in the room when I came. A. hoped; left B. had hoped ; left C. hoped; leaving D. had hoped; leaving典型例题典型例题3. --- Did you go to Huangshan for a tour last summer vacation? --- I _____ , but I fell ill at the last minute. A. would go B. had gone C. had been to D. was going to4. --- Nancy sits on the front row on the left. --- Oh! I ____ she ___ at the back. A. think; sits B. thought; sat C. thought; sits D. think; sat动词的时态动词的时态——将来完成将来完成时时v将来完成时表时在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并往将来完成时表时在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响,常用往对将来某一时间产生影响,常用by + 将来某个时间将来某个时间。
其结构为:其结构为:shall(第一人称第一人称)/will (所有人称所有人称) + have donevBy this time of next year, all of us will have become college students.vI shall have finished the work by the end of this week.动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成进行时现在完成进行时v现在完成进行时表示现在完成进行时表示““一个动作从过去某一时刻一个动作从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在开始,一直持续到现在””强调的是强调的是““一直持续一直持续””,中间没有停顿过这个动作可能要持续下去,,中间没有停顿过这个动作可能要持续下去,也可能停止了也可能停止了vThere you are! I have been waiting for you.vMy mother is terribly tired. She has been working all day long.vAll night long it has been raining.动词的时态动词的时态——现在完成进行时现在完成进行时v现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别: :v现在完成时现在完成时强调整动作已经完成,着重表示动作的结果,v现在完成进行时现在完成进行时着重表示动作“一直在进行”,强调动作的持续性vI have read that book. It is well written.vI have been reading the book all the morning. I have 100 pages left.动词的时态动词的时态——过去过去完成完成进行时进行时v表示表示动作从作从过去某一去某一时间前开始,到前开始,到过去某一去某一时间仍然在仍然在进行或行或刚刚结束;同束;同过去完成去完成时一一样,,必必须以以过去某一特定去某一特定时间为前提,但前提,但强强调动作的作的持持续性。
性vHe had been living here before he went to Shanghai.vI had been waiting in the room for half an hour before she called me in.vThe telephone had been ringing for half an hour before it was answered.动词的时态动词的时态——将来将来进行进行时时v表示表示动作在将来某个作在将来某个时间“正在正在进行行”,往往是安,往往是安排好的事情排好的事情vThis time tomorrow I will be travelling home.vHe will not be free on Saturday. He will be seeing his mother off.vWhen you arrive at 9 tomorrow, your brother will be meeting you at the station.动词的语态动词的语态 l. 概念与构成 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 ,谓语的形式用主动语态;当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。
被动语态由助动词 “be+过去分词 ”构成,时态通过 be 表现出来 动词的语态动词的语态2. 一些特殊的被动结构:1) 短语动词的被动结构:用于这类被动结构的短语动词要作为整体看待,即要把它们看作单字及物动词例如: The baby is looked after carefully.有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思: ① 具有及物意义的不及物动词的被动意义 在主语是物的句子里,有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义常用的这类动词有sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut 等等例如:The book sells well. 这本书很畅销Your composition reads well. 你的作文读起来很不错This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔好用 动词的语态动词的语态② 动名词主动形式表示被动意义 通常是物作 want, need, require 等动词的主语时(也可以是人)表示事物(或人)客观上需要……,用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。
例如: The classroom wants/needs/requires cleaning. 教室需要打扫 这种用法的动名词改用不定式一般式的被动形式后也可表同样意义例如: The classroom wants to be cleaned.Exercises1. Directions: In this exercise, there are 10 sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1.If you go to the western suburbs of the city, you ______ a lot of new buildings. A. will see B. have seen C. see D. are going to see 2. She showed him the photo she _______ the day before. A. has taken B. took C. was taking D. had taken 3. They will go to work in the countryside when they ______ school next year. A. will leave B. will have leave C. are leaving D. leave ADDExercises4. She told us she had met you in London last year. ______ you _______her since ? A. Had…met B. Did…see C. Would…meet D. Have…seen 5. I ____along the road when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. A. walked B. had walked C. was walking D. would walk 6. It is said that he _______ sent to Australia to improve his English. A.would be B.was to be C.has been D. had been7. By this time next year, we _____all the land into rice fields. A. had turned B. will have turned C. have turned D. have been turning DCCBExercises8. Thousands of people took part in the work when the Three Gorges project (三峡工程) _____. A. would be built B. was building C. was being built D. had been built 9. This sick man _____to a hospital right away. A. must be sent B. will send C. ought be sent D. must send10. Do you know when the Chinese Communist Party _____? A. is found B. found C. has been founded D. was founded CADExercises2. Directions: There is a blank and a verb (or verbal phrase) given in the brackets in each of the following sentences. Fill in the blank with the verb or verbal phrase in its proper form.1. The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she______ (leave) in the office. 2. It is said that the new building that ___________ (build) now will be used for teaching. 3. Just a few years ago, tomatoes _____________ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love. had left is being built were believed Exercises4. By the coming end of the term, we ______________(learn) twenty passages. 5. “What are you doing now?” “I__________ (prepare) my lessons for the final exam.” 6. Needless to say, the second list of words _______________ (can, remember) more easily than the first one. 7. In the old days, the children _____________________ (take good care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.will have learned am preparing can be remembered were taken good care of 8. The waiter soon ______ (bring) him a cup of tea but the Englishman shook his head. 9. My father went to Shanghai in 1988 and he ___________________ (work) there ever since. 10. John said that the car ______________(make) long before his mother was born. brought has been working/has worked had been made ExercisesExercises3. Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one underlined part which is incorrectly used. Please put it right in a proper form. 1. We usually spent___ ten minutes doing fast-reading exercises in class. 2. We hoped you will provide___ us with some information needed in our research. 3. The medical team has left for______________ the mountainous area next month. spend would provideis leaving for/will leave for Exercises4. You will be able to write good papers when you mastered___ some writing skills.5. He saw at a glance that something unusual is happening _______________in the class. 6. It was reported that the boy has seen a UFO flying over the area.7. The old man was made burst into a happy smile by the letter from his daughter.had seenhave masteredhad happenedmade to burst intowas happening/8. She was not at all surprising at the news. 9. I don’t know when the football match will be taken place. 10.The teacher explained to the students that the movement of the earth around the sun has caused seasons.surprised will take place causes Exercises。












