考研英语真题阅读理解真题及答案.doc

考研英语真题阅读理解真题及答案 　　Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That pulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to e close 　　As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter auracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone。

　　But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘mon sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world 　　Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year xx, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries。

　　What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more plicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced puter systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it。

　　26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in 　　[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction 　　[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry 　　[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work. 　　[D]the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work. 　　27. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means 　　[A]programs. [B]experts. [C]devices. [D]creatures 　　28. Aording to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can 　　[A]fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。

　　[B]interact with human beings verbally 　　[C]have a little mon sense 　　[D]respond independently to a changing world 　　29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also 　　[A]make a few decisions for themselves 　　[B]deal with some errors with human intervention 　　[C]improve factory environments 　　[D]cultivate human creativity 　　30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are 　　[A]expected to copy human brain in internal structure 　　[B]able to perceive abnormalities immediately。

　　[C]far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information 　　[D]best used in a controlled environment 　　26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in 人类的创造性最初表现在 　　[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction. 用机器来创作科幻小说，考研英语《考研英语真题阅读理解及名师解析(十一)》 　　[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. 制造业对机器的广泛使用 　　[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work 　　发明工具以处理困难和危险的工作 　　[D]the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 　　精英人士对危险和枯燥的工作的巧妙的处理。

　　【答案】 C 　　【考点】 事实细节题 　　【分析】 通过“Human ingenuity”和“initially”可以定位到第一段开始从人类产生智慧初期至今，人们一直在设计越来越巧妙的工具来应付那些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是肮脏的工作由于讲的是人类最初的创造力，因此可以排除[A]、[B]、[D] 　　27. The word “gizmos" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means 　　单词“gizmos”(第二段第一行)最有可能的意思是 　　[A]programs. 程序 [B]experts. 专家 　　[C]devices. 设备 [D]creatures. 生物 　　【答案】 C 　　【考点】 词义题 　　【分析】 本题虽然考查的是词义，但是显然不是希望考生通过储备更大的词汇来回答，而是希望考生能够利用文中出现的细节来推断这个单词的意思第二段第一句的意思说“由此引起的结果是，现代世界已经充斥着越来越多的智能____，尽管我们几乎都注意不到它们，但它们的普遍存在却节省了许多人类劳力然后作者提及到了“工厂机械手”、“自动柜员机”以及“机器人驾驶员”等等。

由此我们可以认定这些设施都是对“gizmo”的例举和解释而这几样东西具有一个共同的特征，即它们都是“工具”相比四个选项，只有[C]最合适 　　28. Aording to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can 　　根据本文，现在超越人类能力范围的是设计一种能________的机器人 　　[A] fulfill delicate tasks li。