静电纺丝技术论文：稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米带的制备及光催化性质研究.doc

静电纺丝技术论文：稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米带的制备及光催化性质研究【中文摘要】稀土钙钛矿型复合氧化物具有稳定的晶体结构和优异的物化性能,在固体燃料电池、固体电解质、传感器和催化等领域受到越来越多的关注,特别是在光催化领域,成为人们研究的热点静电纺丝技术是一种制备纳米材料的较新的方法,目前已被用于制备多种一维纳米材料采用静电纺丝技术制备稀土钙钛矿型复合氧化物纳米带是一个重要而迫切的课题本论文中采用溶胶-凝胶法与静电纺丝技术相结合,以无机盐为原料,PVP为模板剂,DMF为溶剂,制备了一系列PVP/无机盐复合纳米带,在600℃-800℃进行热处理,得到钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaMO3(M=Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Al)纳米带,采用差热-热重(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微(FE-SEM)、能谱(EDS)和红外光谱(FTIR)等测试技术对样品进行了表征结果表明,所制备的复合纳米带表面光滑平整,宽度均匀,约7-19μm,厚300-600nm；LaCrO3和LaFeO3纳米带为正交晶系,宽约2-8μm,厚度约为1OOnm, LaMnO3、LaCoO3、LaNiO3和LaAlO3纳米带为三方晶系,宽度约为2-7μm,厚约100nm。

钙钛矿型氧化物纳米带表面粗糙,宽度和厚度有所减小以罗丹明B为目标降解物研究了LaMO3(M=Cr, Fe)纳米带在紫外灯激发下的光催化活性,LaCrO3(800℃)纳米带光照200min后对罗丹明B的降解率为94.55%；LaFeO3(800℃)纳米带光照180min后对罗丹明B的降解率为89.56%讨论了LaMO3纳米带的形成机理,获得了一些有意义的新结果英文摘要】Rare earth perovskite-typed composite oxides(ABO3) are new types of inorganic non-metallic materials with stable crystal structure and unique physical and chemical properties. They have drawn more and more attention of scientists in the field of solid fuel cell, solid electrolyte, sensor and catalysis, especially in photocatalysis. Electrospinning is a new method for preparation of nanomaterials and a lot of one-dimensional nanomaterials have been prepared by electrospinning. It is an important and urgent research subject to fabricate rare earth perovskite-type oxides nanobelts via electrospinning technique.In this dissertation, inorganic metallic salts were used as raw materials, PVP was employed as template and DMF as solvent. PVP/metallic salts composite nanobelts were fabricated by combination of sol-gel and electrospinning. LaM03(M=Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Al) nanobelts were prepared by calcination of the relevant composite nanobelts at 600℃-800℃The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM). energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). It is found that the composite nanobelts were smooth and uniform, and the width and thickness are 7-19μm and 300-600nm, respectively. LaCrO3 and LaFeO3 nanobelts obtained were orthorhombic in structure which width was 2-8μm and thickness was ca. 100nm; LaMnO3. LaCoO3. LaNiO3 and LaAlO3 nanobelts were rhombohedral system which were 2-7μm in width and ca. 100nm in thickness. And the rare earth perovskite oxides nanobelts became rougher, narrower and thinner than the relevant composite nanobelts.The photocatalytic activities of LaMO3(M=Cr, Fe) nanobelts were studied by taking rhodamine B as degradation agent under illumination of ultraviolet ray. Under the existence of LaCrO3(800℃) nanobelts, the degradation rate of rhodamine B reaches 94.55% after illuminated for 200min; under the existence of LaFeO3(800℃) nanobelts. the degradation rate of rhodamine B reaches 89.56% after illuminated for 180min.The formation mechanism of LaMO3 nanobelts was also discussed and some new meaningful results are obtained.【关键词】静电纺丝技术 稀土 钙钛矿 纳米带 光催化【英文关键词】Electrospinning Rare earth Perovskite Nanobelts Photocatalysis【目录】稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米带的制备及光催化性质研究摘要4-5ABSTRACT5目录6-9第一章 绪论9-231.1 静电纺丝技术9-111.1.1 静电纺丝技术基本概念9-101.1.2 静电纺丝技术研究进展10-111.2 稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米材料11-211.2.1 稀土钙钛矿型氧化物结构特点11-131.2.2 稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米材料研究进展13-191.2.3 稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米材料的应用19-211.3 纳米带的研究进展21-221.4 本课题研究目的及意义22-23第二章 实验试剂、仪器及表征方法23-252.1 主要实验试剂232.2 实验仪器232.3 表征方法23-252.3.1 差热-热重(TG-DTA)分析232.3.2 X射线衍射(XRD)分析23-242.3.3 场发射扫描电子显微分析242.3.4 能量色散谱分析242.3.5 红外光谱分析242.3.6 紫外-可见光谱分析24-25第三章 LaCrO_4和LaCrO_3纳米带的制备、表征及其光催化性质研究25-353.1 概述253.2 实验部分25-263.2.1 前驱体溶胶的制备25-263.2.2 静电纺丝技术制备PVP/[La(NO_3)3+Cr(NO_3)_3]复合纳米带263.2.3 LaCrO_4和LaCrO_3纳米带的制备263.2.4 光催化活性评价263.3 结果与讨论26-333.3.1 TG-DTA分析26-273.3.2 XRD分析27-283.3.3 SEM分析28-293.3.4 EDS分析29-303.3.5 FTIR分析30-313.3.6 LaCrO_4纳米带和LaCrO_3纳米带的光催化活性分析31-323.3.7 LaCrO_4纳米带和LaCrO_3纳米带的可能形成机理32-333.4 本章小结33-35第四章 LaFeO_3纳米带的制备、表征及其光催化性质研究35-444.1 概述354.2 实验部分35-364.2.1 前驱体溶胶的制备354.2.2 静电纺丝技术制备PVP/[La(NO_3)_3+Fe(NO_3)_3]复合纳米带35-364.2.3 LaFeO_3纳米带的制备364.2.4 光催化活性评价364.3 结果与讨论36-424.3.1 TG-DTA分析36-374.3.2 XRD分析37-384.3.3 SEM分析38-394.3.4 EDS分析39-404.3.5 FTIR分析40-414.3.6 LaFeO_3纳米带的光催化活性分析41-424.4 本章小结42-44第五章 La_(1-x)Ca_xMnO_3(x=0,0.2)纳米带的制备和表征44-515.1 概述445.2 实验过程44-455.2.1 前驱体溶胶的制备445.2.2 静电纺丝技术制备复合纳米带445.2.3 La_(1-x)Ca_xMnO_3(x=0,0.2)纳米带的制备44-455.3 结果与讨论45-495.3.1 TG-DTA分析455.3.2 XRD分析45-465.3.3 SEM分析46-485.3.4 EDS分析48-495.4 本章小结49-51第六章 LaCoO_3纳米带的制备和表征51-566.1 概述516.2 实验部分51-526.2.1 前驱体溶胶的制备51。