中级微观经济学——理论与应用(第10版)(经济学经典教材·双语教学用书) 教学课件 ppt 作者 尼克尔森等 著 0324319681_67666
42页1、Chapter 4,Market Demand And Elasticity, 2006 Thomson Learning/South-Western,2,Market Demand Curves,Market demand: total quantity of good or service demanded by all potential buyers. Market demand curve shows relationship between the total quantity demanded of a single good or service and its price, holding all other factors constant.,3,Constructing the Market Demand Curve,We construct a market demand curve (D) by horizontally summing the all individual consumers demand for the good or service. F
2、ig. 4-1: Assume market consists of only two buyers At any given price, such as P*X, individual 1 demands X*1 and individual 2 demands X*2.,4,(a) Individual 1,PX,X,P*,X*,1,0,FIGURE 4-1: Constructing a Market Demand Curve from Individual Demand Curves,5,(a) Individual 1,PX,X,P*,X*,1,0,(b) Individual 2,X*,2,0,FIGURE 4-1: Constructing a Market Demand Curve from Individual Demand Curves,PX,Area AEB the consumer surplus area in Figure 3-11.,6,(a) Individual 1,PX,X,P*,X*,1,0,(b) Individual 2,X*,2,0,(c)
3、 Market Demand,X,D,X*,0,FIGURE 4-1: Constructing Market Demand Curve from Individual Demand Curves,PX,PX,7,Construction of Market Demand Curve,The total QX demanded at market P*X is sum of two amounts: X* = X*1 + X*2 . Point X*, P*X provides one point on market demand curve. Other points on D curve similarly plotted based on all QX demanded at other PX.,8,Shifts in Market Demand Curve: Income,An increase in income for each consumer would shift their individual demand curves out so that the marke
4、t demand curve would also shift out from the origin. Shown in Figure 4-2,9,(a) Individual 1,PX,X,P*,X*,1,0,(b) Individual 2,X*,2,0,(c) Market Demand,X,D,X*,0,FIGURE 4-2: Increases in Each Individuals Income: Market Demand Curve Shifts Outward,PX,PX,X*,X*,X*,D,1,2,10,Shifts in Market Demand Curve: Income,Some events result in ambiguous demand curve outcomes: If one consumers demand curve shifts out while anothers shifts in, the net effect depends on the size of the relative shifts. Income increas
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