组织学与胚胎学绪论中英
28页1、Histology,Introduction,Yu Xiangmin (于向民) Department of Histology and Embryology,Definition: A science: study normal micro-structure(微细结构)& its related function of human body. 4 structural levels: Cell: the smallest structural & functional unit. Tissue(组织): groups of cells (similar in morphology or related in function)intercellular materials 4 types of fundamental tissue epithelium 上皮组织 connective tissue 结缔组织 muscular tissue 肌组织 nervous tissue 神经组织,Organs:器官organizations of various kinds of tissu
2、es in particular ways & perform a specific function. System:系统formed by several function-related organs which together perform a continuous physiological function. For example: digestive system,Why do we study histology ?,To complete the knowledge of human bodys structures-from gross to microscopic Be able to understand how the different tissues function-the basis of physiology Can find the diseases only after the normal is known-the basis of pathology It is also a foundation of clinic sciencesf
3、or a good doctor needed in future,Investigative methods of histology,I. Light microscopy,l,1. Tissue preparation A. paraffin section preparation石蜡切片术 Specimen取材: as fresh as possible Fixation固定: fixative: formalin solution; purpose: to preserve the structural organization Dehydration脱水: replace the water in the tissue by alcohol Clearing透明: replace the alcohol by xylene Embedding包埋: replace the xylene with melted paraffin Sectioning & mounting切片,B. Frozen section: Better for preserving chemical
4、components (e.g. enzymes) Freezingcryostatstaining C. the others: Smear preparations: for blood etc; Grind preparations: for bone,2. Staining染色 Purpose:To make tissue section for observation. H-E Staining: Hematoxylin:苏木精 basic dye, bluish color Eosin:伊红acid dye, pink color Basophilic:嗜碱性components stained with basic dye (H); bluish(nuclear chromatin) Acidophilic:嗜酸性components with an affinity for acidic dye (E); pink (cytoplasm & collagen fiber),Neutrophilic:中 性 do not stain with both basic and
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