复旦生理学课件 (6)
43页1、,Chapter 6,DIGESTION & ABSORPTION, 1. Introduction Concept of digestion & absorption * Mechanical & chemical digestion Characteristics of digestive smooth muscles* General characteristics* Electrophysiological characteristicsResting potential (RP)Slow wave or basic electrical rhythm (BER)Action potential (AP),Electrical activities & contraction of digestive smooth muscles, Secretion of digestive glands * Main functions of digestive fluids Gastrointestinal innervation* Intrinsic (or enteric) nerv
2、ous systemSubmucosal & myenteric plexus* Extrinsic nervous systemParasympathetic & sympathetic nerves Gastrointestinal hormones* General functions* Brain-gut peptides,Intrinsic(or enteric) nervous system,Extrinsic nervous system, 2. Digestion in the mouth digest starch* Regulation of salivary secretionPure neuroregulationConditioned & unconditioned reflex, Mastication or chewing aid swallowing Deglutition or swallowing* Definition* Process1st, 2nd & 3rd phasePeristalsis & lower esophageal sphinc
3、ter,Peristalsis of the esophagus, 3. Digestion in the stomach Gastric juice & its secretion * Nature, Compositions & functionspH 0.91.5, colorless, 1.52.5 L/dayHydrochloric acid (HCl)Secreted by parietal cellsBasic secretion: 05 mmol/hMax secretion: 2025 mmol/hMechanism of HCl secretionFunctions: see next page,Relationship between max volume of HCl secretion & the number of parietal cells,Functions of HCl: Turn pepsinogen into pepsin Promote the absorption of calcium & ferrum PepsinogenSecreted
4、by chief cells & activate by HClFunction: digest proteins into proteoses, peptones, polypeptides, with little free amino acids,MucusSecreted by neck & surface mucous cells, cardiac & pyloric glandsFunction: form mucus-bicarbonate barrierIntrinsic factorSecreted by parietal cellsFunction: Promote the absorption of Vit B12 * Regulation of gastric secretionEndogenous releasing substancesAcetylcholine (ACh), gastrin & histamineSomatostatin (SST) (release-inhibiting),Mucus-bicarbonate barrier,Action
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