专升本考试英语语法总结

1、-目录一、句子成分与根本构造(包括时态1二、不定式5三、动词的时态和语态29一般现在时的特例29一般过去时的注意点30一般将来时的注意点30四、非谓语动词31五、复合式谓语41六、动词的虚拟语气45七、状语从句501、时间状语从句502.地点状语从句523、原因状语从句524条件状语从句535让步状语从句546目的状语从句547结果状语从句558方式状语从句56一、句子成分与根本构造(包括时态主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object宾语补足语 object plement表语 predictive定语 attributive状语 adverbialWARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语核心：主动词

2、I八大成分的概念和构成1主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语述，说明的对象。If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开场，并要坚持不断磨练。充当主语的形式：1名词2代词3名词短语4名词从句5数词6不定式7-ing形式8介词短语少见 形式主语名词从句，不定式，动名词见第六讲主语和宾语2谓语：表示主语的行为或进展的活动。I have a dream.You dont always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。谓语形式：动词英语句子的灵魂3宾语：行为或活动的对象，承受者或受影响者。You dont find opportunitiesyou make them.你找不到时机。你得去创造时机。You probably wont hear oppor

3、tunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到时机的敲门声。充当宾语形式：1名词2代词3名词短语4名词从句5数词6不定式7-ing形式 形式宾语名词从句，不定式，动名词见第六讲主语和宾语4表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)Time is money.Three oclock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。构成形式：1名词2形容词3代词4数词5不定式6ing形式7过去分词8副词9介词短语10小品词11名词从句5补语：补充说明。由动词类别来决定构成形式：1名词2代词3形容词4数词5不定式6-ing形式7过去分词8介词短语9副词小品词10名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6. 定语：对名词性形式进展围限定。This is beautiful music.There

4、are only two kinds of musicgood and bad.自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。构成形式：1限定词2形容词3名词4数词5不定式6-ing形式7过去分词8介词短语9副词10关系从句7. 同位语：对被修饰对象进展补充说明或进一步解释。Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式：1名词2代词3名词短语4数词5不定式6-ing形式7名词从句8. 状语：修饰词，短语，从句和整句。位置：自由自在。1修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等时间，地点，肯定，否认，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比拟等。Can you feel the love tonightHome never looks so good as when you e back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。2连接性状语：连接上下文顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比拟。First es spring, then summer.Ive never been to America, therefore I

5、 dont know much about it.3)评述性状语：修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语表语跑， 定语同位语专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在， 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少， 前后乱窜它还会加塞。RAPII成分关系1补语跟着宾语表语跑：补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。To love others makes us happyto love ourselves makes us lonely.宾补We are made happy to love otherswe are made lonely to love ourselves.主补爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。2定语，同位语专把名词踹：定语，同位语修饰名词性形式E*perience is the best teacher.被定语所修饰的形式为名词They are going to Melbo

6、urne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.同位语所修饰的形式为名词3谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you wont e up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁发出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very for

7、table to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)(3)口语中常见主语或“主-系省略：(It is) nothing. (那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesnt matter. (那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. (我)你。)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesnt he (这个人看上去很着急不是吗.) / Tigers are dangerous animals, arent they (老虎是危险的动物不是吗.)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定*个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go th

8、ere and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：puters are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they (他们在哪儿.) / Does the boy like staying home (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗.)(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the e*am. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)2、谓语：(1)由“不及物动词、“及物动词+宾语或“系动词+表语等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么或“怎么样。如：He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year(今年谁教你们的英语.) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由以下词语依序排列构成：情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)记住：谓语局部第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He cant have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)二、不定式一、作主语 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的

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