机械专业外文文献翻译-外文翻译--计算机集成制造

1、无锡职业技术学院专业英语翻译专业英语翻译资料Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the term used to describe the most modern approach to manufacturing. Although CIM encompasses many of the other advanced manufacturing technologies, it is more than a new technology or new concept. CIM is actually an entirely new approach to manufacturing a new way of doing way of doing business.计算机集成制造（CIM）是用来描述最先进的技术的术语，尽管CIM包括了很多其他先进的制造技术，但它却是一种更新的新技术或新概念。CIM实际上对经营提出了一条全新的道路。The term “computer-integrated manufacturing” was devel

2、oped in 1974 by Joseph Harrington as the title of a book he wrote tying islands of automation together through the used of computers. It has taken many years for CIM to develop as a concept, but integrated manufacturing is not really new. In fact integration is where manufacturing actually began. Manufacturing has developed through four distinct stages: manual manufacturing, mechanization/specialization, automation and integration.“计算机集成制造”这一术语是由Joseph Harringoton 在1974年提出的，作为他当时写的一本关于用计算机把自动岛连接

3、起来的书的名称。CIM变成一种概念用了好多年，但集成制造并不是新近提出的。实际上集成是伴随着制造产生的。制造业经历了四个明显的阶段；手工制造，机械化/专业化，自动化和集成化。With the advent of the computer age, manufacturing has developed full circle. It began as a totally integrated concept and, with CIM, has once again become one. However, there are major differences in the manufacturing integration of today and that of the manual era of the past. First, the instrument of integration in the manual era was the human mind. The instrument of integration modern manufacturing is the

4、computer. Second, processes in the modern manufacturing setting are still specialized and automated.随着计算机时代的降临，制造业的发展变成一个循环，它一开始就是集成的概念，最终还是这一概念。但是，今天的制造集成和手工时代的集成已有了本质的不同。首先，手工时代的集成设备是人脑，现代制造业的集成设备是电脑。其次，现代制造设备上进行的工艺仍是专业化和自动化。Another way to view the historical development of CIM is by examining the ways in which some of the individual components of CIM have developed over the years. Such components as design, planning and production used to accomplish the processes.回顾CIM发展历史的另一方法是检验CIM中一些组成环节的发

5、展过程。这些环节，如设计，计划和生产，无论在过程本身还是在完成这些过程所使用的工具，设备方面都发生了重大改进。Design has evolved from a manual process using such tools as slide rules, triangles, pencils, scales, and erasers into an automated process known as computer-aided design (CAD). Process planning has evolved from a manual process known as computer-aided process planning (CAPP). Production has evolved from a manual process involving manually controlled machines into an automated process known as computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).设计已从计算尺，三角板，铅

6、笔，比例尺和橡皮的手工操作中解放出来，变成了使用计算机辅助设计（CAD）的自动过程，工艺规划已丛使用计划表的手工过程变成了计算机辅助工艺规划（CAPP）。产生已丛使用人工操纵机床的手工过程解放出来变成了计算机辅助制造（CAM）。These individual components of manufacturing evolved over the years into separate islands of automation. However, communication among these islands was still handled manually. This limited the level of improvement in productivity that could be accomplished in the overall manufacturing process . When these islands and other automated components of manufacturing are linked together thr

7、ough computer networks, these limitations can be overcome. Computer-integrated manufacturing has enormous potential for improving productivity in manufacturing, but it is not without problems.这些制造的组成环节经过多年的发展已变成了一个个的自动岛。但是，这些岛之间的通信仍是手工的。这限制了依靠整个加工系统才能实现的生产力水平的提高。当这些岛和制造的其他一些自动化环节通过计算机网连起来时，这个限制被克服了。计算机集成制造在发展制造生产力方面有巨大潜能，但它也不是没有问题。As with any new philosophy that requires major changes to the status quo, CIM is not without problems. The problems associated with CIM fall into three major categorie

8、s;正如任何一种要求对现状作较大改变的新观念一样，CIM也不会是没有问题的。CIM的主要问题有三个方面：technical problems;技术问题cultural problem;文化问题business-related problem;和经营之间的问题These types of problems have hindered the development of CIM over the years and will have to be overcome for CIM to achieve widespread implementation.这些问题多年来阻碍了CIM的发展，CIM要想得到广泛的推广，就必须克服这些障碍。If mechanical engineering is regarded as the process of design, development and manufacture, then one can identify a fast growing aspect known as computer aided engineering (CAE), t

9、his includes computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacture (CAM). It is important to note the word “aided” in all these titles, as the engineer is till the key person.如果认为机械工程是一个由设计，开发和制造组成的过程的话，那么很容易和能看到其中一个快速发展的方面；计算机辅助工程（CAE），它包括了计算机辅助设计（CAD）和计算机辅助制造（CAM）。需要特别指出的是，虽然这些名称中都有辅助一词，但工程师仍是关键人物。Other aspects of CAE important to the mechanical engineer include the testing and proving of a design, often using computer-controlled test rigs with automatic data logging and processing, i.e., reading of instrument transducers, producing analogue voltage signals which are passed through an A to D interface to produce a digital signal to be stored and processed in the computer and then graphically displayed. Process simulation is also achieved in a computer to guide design, an example being the combustion process in a petrol engine, computers are also used for control purposes, such as the engine management system in a modern motor

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