
高考完形填空解题技巧.ppt
28页完型填空完型填空 之能力训练目标之能力训练目标::1)词语辨析能力词语辨析能力2)语法结构分析能力语法结构分析能力3)语篇理解能力语篇理解能力4)逻辑推理能力逻辑推理能力5)文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力6)作者意图剖析能力作者意图剖析能力7)生活常识综合运用能力生活常识综合运用能力近几年广东完型填空特点近几年广东完型填空特点: :1.1.题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章. .2.2.内容完整内容完整, ,逻辑性强逻辑性强, ,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨. .3.3.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析. .4.4.考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词: :名名/ /代代/ /动词动词/ /形容形容/ /副副词等词等. .5.5.关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识, ,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联, ,暗示判暗示判断能力断能力. .6.6.侧重于篇章侧重于篇章, ,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑. .完型填空设题特点完型填空设题特点: :年度年度年度年度 20072007年年年年 20082008年年年年 体裁体裁体裁体裁 说明文说明文说明文说明文 记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文 题材题材题材题材 该文通过前沿科学的幻想,介绍该文通过前沿科学的幻想,介绍该文通过前沿科学的幻想,介绍该文通过前沿科学的幻想,介绍了一种未来可以代替密码的面部了一种未来可以代替密码的面部了一种未来可以代替密码的面部了一种未来可以代替密码的面部识别技术。
识别技术识别技术识别技术 本文讲述了并非所有英国神本文讲述了并非所有英国神本文讲述了并非所有英国神本文讲述了并非所有英国神话故事中的仙女都是善良的,话故事中的仙女都是善良的,话故事中的仙女都是善良的,话故事中的仙女都是善良的,有的也很残酷,常给人们带有的也很残酷,常给人们带有的也很残酷,常给人们带有的也很残酷,常给人们带来痛苦 总词数总词数总词数总词数 153 153 206 206 名词名词名词名词 5 5个个个个 2 2个个个个 动词动词动词动词 2 2个个个个 4 4个个个个 形容词形容词形容词形容词 2 2个个个个 4 4个个个个 副词副词副词副词 1 1个个个个 0 0个个个个 Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(in fairies(仙女仙女仙女仙女). Not all of these ). Not all of these 21 21 are the friendly, people- are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are folktales they are 22 22 and cause much human suffering. This and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows of a mother whose baby grows 23 23 and pale and has changed and pale and has changed so much that it is almost so much that it is almost 24 24 to the parents. It was then to the parents. It was then 25 25 that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and 26 26 the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27 27 . . However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been 28 28 . In . In those cases there was often a way to get the those cases there was often a way to get the 29 29 baby back. baby back. You could You could 30 30 the Changeling on the fire--then it would rise up the chimney, the Changeling on the fire--then it would rise up the chimney, and you would hear the sound of fairies’ laughter and soon and you would hear the sound of fairies’ laughter and soon after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby.after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby.解题方法:解题方法:总的原则:总的原则: “先完意,后完形先完意,后完形”。
八字方针:八字方针: 上下求索,瞻前顾后上下求索,瞻前顾后三步曲:三步曲: 读读——填填——读读完形填空之完形填空之三步答题三步答题 Step1 Skip(跳读跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence (首句首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(.(完形填空首句不挖空,帮助进入完形填空首句不挖空,帮助进入语境)语境)Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods. 在把握语篇大意的基础上,借助于在把握语篇大意的基础上,借助于 一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案Discuss:What are your methods of doing cloze tests?Four methods( (四种常用的方法四种常用的方法) )::1、、context 上下文语境上下文语境2、、word distinctions or collocations 词词语辨析和固定搭配语辨析和固定搭配3、、information given in the passage 利用利用文章中的信息(原词复现、近义词和反义词文章中的信息(原词复现、近义词和反义词等)等)4、、cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常识文化背景和常识Step3 Read the passage again and checkthe answers.((将所选定的词放到文章中复读检将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查)查) Tips:1、、the tense and the voice,,the accord between subject and predicate((时态语态,主谓语在上下文时态语态,主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)的中是否一致)2、、grammar and collocations(语法和习惯用法的(语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否逻辑上一致)搭配在上下文中是否逻辑上一致)3、、the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段,句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段,句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4、、the meaning of the whole passage(整体上检查(整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致,上下文的衔接是否合理)结构、语义及逻辑是否一致,上下文的衔接是否合理)完形填空之完形填空之九大解题技巧九大解题技巧1.利用首句来解题利用首句来解题 I did very badly at school. My headmaster I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was thought I was 36 36 and when I was 14 he and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be said, “You’re never going to be37(anything) 37(anything) but a failure. ” but a failure. ” A. bright A. bright B. useless B. useless C. simple C. simple D. hopefulD. hopeful2. 根据上下文语境,合理推断来解题根据上下文语境,合理推断来解题Eg: Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used to 38 to bring out our best. (2005年山东年山东) 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise Practice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. ((2003年全国)年全国) 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker3. 利用语篇标志解题利用语篇标志解题常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的词语有以下几种;结构层次结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly;逻辑关系:;逻辑关系:thus, therefore, so;递进关系:;递进关系:besides, what’s more, further;转折关系:转折关系:but, while, however等。
等 She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) ___vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important___4. 根据逻辑推理解题根据逻辑推理解题Eg: …and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange___ quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almostalways fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too because students learn somuch in just a few short months.50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. learning51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discover5. 根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. A..dry B..distant C..deserted D..wild 6.从语法角度来解题从语法角度来解题Eg: I went into a café and asked for a coffee . 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). A..Before B..Since C..Although D..While7.从词汇辨异和固定搭配方面来解题从词汇辨异和固定搭配方面来解题1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he shouldn’t have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D.for all2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back8.利用词汇的复现解题利用词汇的复现解题例例1:: The strange thing was that practically all the students went to class, and very few people stayed up late at night. Only the new people stayed up or ___ class. (NMET2000)) A. attended B. took C. missed D. studied文章中文章中or连接的是并列成分,所以空格中连接的是并列成分,所以空格中的内容应与上文的内容应与上文went to class 构成相反的构成相反的意义,该题属于反义词复现现象。
意义,该题属于反义词复现现象例例2:: How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel(珐琅)珐琅)covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. (2002, 上海春季招生)上海春季招生)51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt上文中讲蛀牙如何产生上文中讲蛀牙如何产生 空空51和红体单词和红体单词在意义上是一致的,在意义上是一致的, 属于同义词复现现象属于同义词复现现象9.利用语气副词的情景解题利用语气副词的情景解题①①….I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the _______ smoking pistol from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.A. still B. yet C. even D. already完形填空之完形填空之实战训练实战训练Consolidation exercise Wouldn't it be great if we didn't have to remember passwords (密密码码) ever again??If we could just sit in front of our computers and be 21 logged in (登登录录)? Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows, rather than using a 22 . All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to 23 your PC. No more 24 , confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.21. A. automatically B. personally C. correctly D. occasionally22. A. face B. password C. software D. system23. A. access B. connect C. recognize D. remember24. A. simple B. complicated C. special D. useful。
