《Metaphor隐喻》.ppt

Metaphor暗喻,,.,Objectives,To know what metaphor is. To know the thinking mode reflected by metaphor. To know the classifications of metaphor. To know the significance of learning metaphor.,.,Metaphor,1. What is metaphor? Metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things from different domains. Unlike simile, the comparison is implied rather than clearly expressed.,2 What is metaphor composed of? -- the subject (本体) -- the reference (喻体) -- A is B.,.,- The world is a stage. - A romance was budding. - The economy is overheating. - She exploded. - The temperature fell to a murderous -40。

C. - Embarrassed at our noisy children, we sheepishly tried to sneak into the dining room, hoping not to be noticed by others.,.,3 The formula “A is B” -- For a better understanding of metaphor,The nouns, verbs, adj.s, or adv.s are used to indicate the reference (喻体). - The romance was a plant. - The economy is a machine. - She is a container. - The temperature was a murderer. - We were sheep.,.,4. The thinking mode involved A IS B., is a plant. -- A romance was budding. -- The brilliant founders branched into many areas. is a building. -- to cement ones popularity -- the shattered foundations of ones life -- The theory was totally based on solid foundation.,.,4. The thinking mode involved A IS B.,The economy is a machine. -- The economy is overheating. -- to fine-tune (微调) inflation. The economy is a rocket / an airplane / a space craft. -- The economy soared / skyrocketed. -- The economy plunged. -- In economics, a soft landing is a situation in which the economy stops growing but this does not produce a recession (衰退).,.,4. The thinking mode involved,The nouns: internet stock market stock market bubbles bullet train solar storm Pittsburgh summit (峰会) Only a few would go that far and commit crimes.,The references: net market bubbles bullet storm summit go that far,.,.4 The thinking mode involved,abstract what we are unfamiliar with,concrete what we are familiar with,-- We use a concept that we are familiar with to describe or understand another concept that we are not so familiar with.,.,The mind is a machine.,He is still grinding out a solution. His mind isnt operating today. He is a little rusty today. I cant think; I am running out of steam (losing vigor). How could any man ever understand the workings of a womans mind? The coffee was perfect and by the time I was halfway through my first cup my brain was ticking over much more briskly.,.,An argument is war.,Your claims are indefensible. He attacked every weak point in my argument. His criticism is right on the target. I demolished his argument. Ive never won an argument with him. If you use that strategy, hell wipe you out. He shot down all of my arguments.,.,Ideas are food.,All this paper has in it are raw facts, half-baked ideas, and warmed-over theories. There are too many facts here for me to digest them all. I just cant swallow that claim. Let me stew over that for a while. Thats food for thought. She devoured the book.,.,Up -- verbal metaphor; -- adjective metaphor; -- adverbial metaphor; (When the formula A IS B is not available, the n., v., adj., or adv. always helps us to find out what A is.),.,5.1 Nominal (n.) metaphor,Mother Teresa is part of the chromosome (染色体) of Kolkata. Googles newly developed software could challenge the Seattle giants desktop dominance. Charles Dow put us on the worlds greatest roller coaster. We laugh nervously all the way up and we scream like hell all the way down. Microsoft is a giant. The stock market is a roller coaster.,.,5.2 Verbal metaphor,(The following is taken from a piece of sports news.) SINGAPORE: China has delivered a stinging slap in the face to badmintons world governing body by pulling all of its players from this months season-ending finale. Chinas pulling its players from the finale is a stinging slap. a slap in the face,.,5.2 Verbal metaphor,Science often thrives while advancing along circuitous pathways toward unpredictable destinations, propelled primarily by human curiosity. Science is a vehicle.,.,5.3 Adjective metaphor,This evening when my father burst in, his mood seemed even more thunderous than usual. Starbucks is not immune to competition. the imperial (帝王般的) chief executive unalloyed success My fathers mood is a thunder. Competition is something dangerous. The CEOs are emperors (帝王). The success is a metal without mixing other types of metal.,.,5.4 Adverbial metaphor,The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood, but it wasnt until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. off and on: from time to time Off and on can be believed to describe a light bulb, which is connected to the electrical supply from time to time.,.,,6. The particular sentence structures used in metaphor,.,6. The particular sentence structures used in metaphor,The latest wave of scandals rocked Wall Street. My ill-considered mountain of real estate tumbled. 我因考虑不周而购置的房产猛跌了。

One hundred years l。