国际贸易理论与实务双语教程第五章区域经济一体化.ppt

Chapter 5 Regional Economic Integration 区域经济一体化,由NordriDesign™提供 ,Page  2,Lesson 1 Summary of Regional Economic Integration 区域经济一体化概述,1. The Meaning and Development of Regional Economic Integration 区域经济一体化的含义和发展 1.1 Definition定义 Regional economic integration is two or more countries in the same geographic area to integrate into a supranational entirety with highly coordinative economy and trade. To safeguard their common economic and political interests, those countries pursue long-term and steady supranational economical regulation in the ways of signing certain treaty or agreement between governments, taking common economy and trade policies and even founding joint organization under each government’s authorization.,LOGO,Page  3,2. Main Forms and Features of Regional Economic Integration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征,2.1 Divided by scope of integration 2.1.1 Departmental Integration 部门一体化 It refers to the integration of one or several departments of the member countries in the union, such as European Coal and Steel Community formed on 25th July, 1952 and European Atomic Energy Community formed on 1st Jan, 1958. 2.1.2 Overall Integration 全盘一体化 It implies that all the economic departments of member countries are integrated, such as CMEA (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance) founded by the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries and disbanded in 1991.,Page  4,2.2 Divided by economic development level of member countries 2.2.1 Horizontal Integration水平一体化 It refers to the integration of countries with similar or close level of economic development. Out of the practice and development of regional economic integration, most of existing unions are in such form, such as European Union and ASEAN Free Trade Area. 2.2.2 Vertical Integration垂直一体化 It refers to the integration of countries with different level of economic development, such as North American Free Trade Agreement.,2. Main Forms and Features of Regional Economic Integration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征,Page  5,2.3 Divided degree of regional economic integration and removal of trade barriers 2.3.1 Preferential Trade Arrangement优惠贸易安排 It is to stipulate especially preferential tariff of all or part of the goods by signing agreement between member countries or other methods. This is the most low-level and loose form of economic integration. There are examples such as African Timber Organization, Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement, and Association of Southeast Asian Nations that formed after wars.,2. Main Forms and Features of Regional Economic Integration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征,Page  6,2.3.2 Free Trade Area自由贸易区 It refers to the trade area that consists of countries and regions who have signed free trade agreement. Member countries have mutually eliminated tariff for each other and removed the non-tariff trade barriers so that goods can flow freely between the countries. But there is no common external tariff and member countries charge respective tariff on non-member countries.,2. Main Forms and Features of Regional Economic Integration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征,Page  7,2.3.3 Tariff Association关税同盟 Participating countries in tariff association entirely remove all the tariff and non-tariff trade barriers between each other and charge common tariff on non-member countries. Tariff association has initial supranational nature, such as Benelux. 1) Common Market 共同市场 Common market means that all member countries eliminate all the barriers of tariff and quota, charge common tariff on non-member countries, and allow factors of production to move freely among member countries. European Economic Community (EEC) had been close to this form in 1970.,2. Main Forms and Features of Regional Economic Integration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征,Page  8,2) Economic Union 经济同盟 Besides freedom of movement of products and factors of production and common external tariff, economic unions also enable member countries to formulate common economic and social policies to gradually eliminate divergence and promote integration to a level of holistic economy. 3)Complete Economic Integration 完全经济一体化 Based upon the realization of economic union’s mission, complete economic integration is the highest stage of economic integration. The integrated units have unified all the major economic policies, such as fiscal policy, monetary policy, welfare policy, agriculture policy and policy that related to trade and movement of factors of production, and have corresponding organizations, e.g. unified central bank, to execute common external economic policies.,2. Main Forms and Features of Regional Economic Integration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征,Page  9,Lesson 2 Major Regional Economic Unions 主要区域经济一体化组织,1. European Union，EU欧洲联盟 In terms of number of members, EU is the largest free trade area in the world, and is also a regional economic and political union with the highest level of regional integration. EU is not only a common market, but is also an economic and political union having unified monetary and social p。