土木工程专业英语课后习题翻译资料.doc

LESSON 4 2、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .（1）Sustained load 长期荷载 （2）Cement gel 水泥凝胶体 （3）Water-cement ratio 水灰比 （4）The stability of the structure结构稳定（5）The expansion joint 伸缩缝 （6）Moisture content 含水量（7）Cement paste 水泥浆 （8）The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete 混凝土热膨胀系（9）Permanent plastic strain 永久塑性应变 （10）The fatigue strength of concrete 混凝土疲劳强度3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.(1)The cause of the volume changes in concrete can be attributed to changes in moisture content, chemical reaction of the cement with water, variation in temperature, and applied loads.混凝土的体积变化的原因可以归结为水分含量,水泥和水的化学反应，温度以及施加荷载的变化。

2)High-early-strength and low-heat cement show more shrinkage than normal Portland cement.高早强和低热水泥显示超过普通硅酸盐水泥收缩3)The greater the aggregate content, the smaller is the shrinkage.骨料含量越大，收缩越小4)Therefore, cracks may develop in concrete when a high percentage of steel is used.因此，当使用高比例的钢铁时将可能产生混凝土裂缝5)Generally, concrete shrinks at a high rate during the initial period of hardening, but at later stages the rate diminishes gradually.一般来说，在硬化过程中初期率很高，但在稍后阶段混凝土收缩率逐渐减小6）Under sustained load, plastic deformation continues to develop over a period that may last for years.持续负荷下，塑性变形继续发展一段时间，可能持续数年。

7)Creep increases with an increase of stress in specimens made from concrete of the same strength and with the same duration of load.与标本中增加的压力增大制成的蠕变相同强度混凝土和时间相同的负载与标本中的压力相同强度的混凝土，并与负荷增加同一时间作出蠕变增加(8)Creep is reduced with an increase in the humidity of the ambient air蠕变的减少是由于在周围的空气湿度增加(9) Creep is decreases with an increase in the size of the tested specimen.蠕变是一个经过测试的试件尺寸增大而减小. (10)High-temperature steam curing of concrete as well as per use of a plasticizer will reduce the amount of creep.高温蒸汽作为增塑剂正确使用混凝土养护将减少蠕变量.5、Translate the following sentence into English.（1）如果通过蒸发失去水分，混凝土就会收缩，但在水中硬化则会膨胀。

If it loses moisture(水份) by evaporation(蒸发),concrete shrinks, but if the concrete hardens in water, it expands.（2）影响混凝土收缩的因素很多，如水泥和水的含量、骨料的级配以及环境条件等 Many factors influence the shrinkage of concrete such as cement and water content、 gradation(等级) of aggregate and ambient conditions and so on3）混凝土拌合物中的水泥含量越多或含水量越多，收缩量则越大 The more cement or water content in the concrete mix, the greater the shrinkage. （4）混凝土不是热的良导体，而钢筋是 Concrete is not a good conductor of heat, whereas steel is a good one.（5）在荷载作用期间，大约80%的徐变产生在前4个月内，大约2年后完成90%的徐变。

Creep increases with the loading period. About 80% of the creep occurs within the first 4 months;90%occurs after about 2 years.LESSON 52、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .（1）building code 建筑规范 （6）随机变量 random variation（2）stochastic analyse 随机分析 （7）半经验公式 semiempirical equation（3）multistory building 多层建筑 （8）风洞荷载 wind tunnel testing （4）code-prescribed data 规范规定的数值 （9）持续活荷载 sustained live load（5）transient live load 瞬时活荷载 （10）名义值 nominal value3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.(1)The building code loads have traditionally been given as nominal values, determined on the basis of material properties (e.g. , dead load )or load surveys (e.g. , live load and snow load).该建筑代码加载历来给出标准值，根据材料的性质（如，恒载）或负载调查（如，活荷载和雪荷载）的基础上确定。

2)Since the random variation of the loads is a function of time as well as a number of other factors, the modeling, strictly speaking(严格来讲), should take this into account by using stochastic analyses(随机分析) to reflect the time and space interdependence(互相依赖).由于载荷的随机变化是时间的函数以及一系列其他因素，造型数量，严格来说，应考虑到利用随机分析，以反映时间和空间互相依赖3)For example, American live load criteria are based on a reference period of 50 years, while Canadian criteria use a 30-year interval例如，美国活载标准是根据50年的基准期，而加拿大的标准使用30年的间隔4)Building codes treat these effects as static phenomena and relate them to the actual conditions through semiempirical equations(半经验公式). 建筑规范视这些影响为静态现象，并通过半经验方程与实际情况相联系。

5)The response of a building, however, will be different for different materials, depending on the type of load. 但是，建筑物的反应，将针对不同的材料不同，这取决于负载类型6)There are many types of loads that may act on a building structure at one time or other, and this section provides a general description(一般说明) of the characteristics of the most important ones.有许多类型的负载，可能对建筑物结构法在同一时间或其他，本节提供了一种通用的描述的最重要的特点7)The dead load includes not only the self-weight of the structure, but also the weight of permanent construction materials, partitions, floor and ceiling materials, machinery and other equipment, and so on. 静载重不仅包括自身的结构重量，而且还有永久性建筑的材料，隔板，地板，吊顶材料，机械和其他设备的重量，等等(8)Live load, are more accurately the gravity live load, is the name that is commonly used for the loads on the structure that are not part of the permanent installations(永久设施)活载，更准确的重力活荷载，即通常是结构上的负荷，不属于永久性设施的一部分荷载的使用名称。

9)The live load on the structure a。