高考名词性从句讲解(主语和表语从句).doc

高考名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面：1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题（疑问词）+主语+谓语+ 其它2. 考查引导词 that 与 what 的区别3. 考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查 whether 与 if 的区别：除宾语从句中可以用 if，其它从句只能用 whether. 5. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题6. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别【语法要点剖析】主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why一、主语从句在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether 和连接代词what，who， which，whatever，whoever 以及连接副词 how，when，where，why 等词引导that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. It is known to us how he became a writer. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 1. 由连词 that 引导的主语从句:引导词 that 无含义 ,在句中不做成分,不可以省例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle.2. 用连词 whether 引导的主语从句 :whether 有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。

例如：Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.备注：It doesn’t matter if 是固定句型3.用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分，有意义)例如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people.*whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句的区分：Whatever 相当于 anything that , 是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么” Whatever she does is right.Whoever 相当于 anyone who,是 who 的强调形式，表示 “无论谁，任何…的人”Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.Whichever“无论哪个，无论哪些”，既可以指人，也可以指物，可以单独使用，可以修饰名词，也可以后跟 of 短语。

Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to us.4.用连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语)eg:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.5. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末，但是不能代替由 what 引导的主语从句主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that 从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that 从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…即学即练：1．_____they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars.A. That B. What C. When D. Whether2．______we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where3. ________ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. ______ surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well..A. That B. What C. Whether D. When 5. ________ we go swimming every day ______us a lot of good.A. If…do B. That…do C. If…does D. That…does 6. It ________ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that7. It‘s uncertain(不确定） ________ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.A. if B. that C. whether D. how8. It‘s certain(不确定） ________ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9. ________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10. ____ we can't have seems better than what we have.A. What B. Who C. That D. whose11. ____ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12. _______ team will win the match is none of my business.A. Which B. That C. If D. How13. _________is going to do the job will be decided by the CEO.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14. _______ we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That二、表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。

引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，一般结构是“主语+ 连系动词+表语从句”可以接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, remain, seem 等注意：关联词不能省略，并且从句用陈述语序例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because但是 reason 后面的定语从句可以用 why 或 that 引导例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 【附加】在名词性从句中 that 与 what 的区别:that 在名词性从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用，没有意义，不能省略（在宾语从句中能省略） 如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don’t have enough money.what 在名词性从句中充当句子成分，起连接作用，有意义，不能省略。

what 可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词+ that理解为双重身份如：Do what he says. What (=The thing that) he said was true. 名词性从句的两大难点一、 wh-ever 与 no matter +疑问词的用法区别wh-ever 既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句；而 no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句如：Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.=No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.He would believe whatever I said.二、 doubt 与 sure 后的名词性从句doubt 用于肯定句时，后用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句；用于否定句或疑问句时，后用 that 引导的宾语从句Sure 用于肯定句时，后接 that 引导的宾语从句；用于否定句时，后接 whet。