小学初任教师职业压力现状及对策研究.doc

小学初任教师职业压力现状及对策研究—以重庆市Z区为例摘 要21世纪是催人奋进的时代，同时也是充满“压力”的时代不同职业的人承受着不同程度的职业压力，教师群体因工作的复杂性和特殊性也承担着较大的职业压力当前关于教师职业压力的研究也受到教育学、心理学领域的广泛关注本研究以小学初任教师为研究对象，调查了解小学初任教师职业压力存在的问题，并提出相应的缓解策略，促进初任教师身心健康发展本研究以工作压力理论模型，教师生涯发展阶段理论为理论基础，从学生因素、工作负荷、人际关系、职业发展、教学与班级管理五个维度编制问卷，对重庆市Z区300名小学初任教师职业压力现状展开了调查；并采用访谈法对10名一线小学初任教师进行了深入访谈，了解小学初任教师在工作中遇到的问题和困扰根据问卷调查结果和访谈调查结果，发现重庆市Z区小学初任教师职业压力存在的问题，并分析其成因，进而提出相应的对策从研究调查结果来看，重庆市Z区小学初任教师职业压力水平总体处于中等及以上水平，高于理论中值且在婚姻状况、教龄、是否担任班主任、不同学历、不同任教科目以及不同任教科目数几个方面都存在显著差异同时发现存在以下几个问题：学生因素对小学初任教师的职业压力影响较大；教龄在3年内的小学初任教师的职业压力水平较高；任教主科的小学初任教师承担的职业压力较大；任教科目多的小学初任教师职业压力感明显；小学初任教师对自身职业发展认识不清晰。

因此，本文从政府、学校以及教师个人提出相应的对策来缓解小学初任教师的职业压力政府方面：改革教师评价制度，激发教师工作热情；加强新教师培训，提高新教师履职能力；建立小学初任教师心理干预机制学校方面：注重对初任教师的人文关怀与科学管理；合理实施课程计划，适当压缩教师工作时长；积极开展文化活动，营造宽松的校园氛围教师个人：认真规划教师职业生涯，为明确的目标奋斗；努力提升自己的专业素养，积极调整心态；深入研究学生与教材，加强自我教学反思关键词：小学初任教师；职业压力；现状；对策The Research of Occupational Stress Current Situation and Coping Strategy of Primary School Beginning Teachers—Z District in Chongqing Regarded as An Example ABSTRACTThe 21st century is an era of inspiration and an era full of "pressure". People of different occupations bear different degrees of professional pressure, and the teachers group also bears greater professional pressure due to the complexity and particularity of the work. The current research on the occupational stress of teachers has also received extensive attention in the fields of pedagogy and psychology. In this article, the primary school newly-appointed teachers were the subjects of the study, and to investigate the problems existing in the occupational stress of the primary school beginning teachers, and then proposed corresponding mitigation strategies to promote the physical and mental health of the newly-appointed teachers. Based on the theories of work stress theory and teacher career development theory. Complying questionnaire based on five dimensions including student factors, workload, interpersonal relationships, career development, teaching and class management. The questionnaire surveyed the current status of occupational stress among 300 primary school beginning teachers of Z district in Chongqing. In addition, interview method was conducted to conduct in-depth interviews with 10 first-line teachers in elementary school to know about the problems faced by initial teachers in their work. According to the results of the questionnaire survey and the results of the interviews, we found that there are problems in the occupational pressure of the beginning teachers in primary school of Z district in Chongqing, and analyzed the causes of these problems, and then put forward corresponding countermeasures.From the research findings, the occupational stress level of primary school teachers of Z district in Chongqing is generally at a medium or higher level. Higher than the theoretical median. And there are significant differences in marital status, teaching age, schooling, whether as head teacher, different degrees, different teaching subjects, and different number of teaching subjects. At the same time, it is found that there are several problems: the student factor has a greater impact on the professional pressure of the beginning teachers of primary schools; the occupational stress level of the primary school teachers with teaching experience within 3 years is higher; the occupational pressure of the primary school beginning teachers who teach the subject department is greater; the sense of professional pressure of the primary school teachers with many teaching subjects is obvious; the newly-appointed teachers in elementary schools are not clear about their career development.Therefore, this article proposes corresponding countermeasures from the government, schools and teachers to ease the occupational pressure of the beginning teachers in primary schools. The government should reform the teacher evaluation system to inspire teacher’s enthusiasm for work; should strengthen the training of new teachers and improve the ability of new teachers to perform their duties; should establish a psychological intervention mechanism for newly-appointed teachers in primary schools. Schools should pay attention to the humanistic care and give scientific management of the beginning teachers; should rationally implement the curriculum plan and appropriately shorten the working hours of teachers; should actively carry out cultural activities and create a relaxed campus atmosphere. Teachers can carefully plan the career of themselves to work hard for a clear goal; may work hard to enhance his professional quality to actively adjust his/her mentality; and then making in-depth study of students and teaching materials, and strengthen self-teaching reflection.Key words: primary school beginning teachers; occupational stress; current situation; countermeasures1 绪论1.1研究背景1.1.1 初任教师身心健康良好发展的需要随着社会经济水平的不断提高和市场化的日益深入，人们的生活节奏不断加快，越来越多的人承受着不同程度的职业压力，进而导致了一系列的身心健康问题。

初任教师群体由于工作性。