科技英语2词汇搭配和句子成分.ppt

第二章 词汇搭配和句子成分,,§2 .1词汇搭配,1、固定词组（在词典中可以查到）,in a word, take place, take the place of, as a matter of fact, as usual, ……,,,2、习惯的搭配关系（会出现在词典的例句中或各种文章中，望多观察）,（1）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用,§2 .1词汇搭配,提高质量,raise the efficiency,提高能力,提高警惕,improve the equality,提高效率,increase[improve] the ability,enhance[heighten] one’s vigilance,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,取得成就[进步],make achievements [progress],取得一致意见,reach complete agreement of views,取得教训,draw lessons,取得成功,取得同意,achieve success,obtain the consent,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,作一分析[比较，研究],作一介绍[描述，说明],give an introduction to[a description of, an explanation of],make an analysis [a comparison, a study],,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,Laser beams are sent at the moon.,Electrons are emitted at the screen（荧光屏）.,（2）某些动词、形容词、名词要与特定的介词连用,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,emit aim send point direct throw shoot,,… at [朝向] ～,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,① 某些名词前必须用特定的介词,Radio waves travel in all directions,At this temperature the metal melts.,For this purpose [To this end], we must try hard to scale the heights of science.,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,on a large scale,to a great extent [degree, point],in a great measure,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,② 某些名词后必须要用特定的介词,These students are doing an experiment in physics [on electricity].,They are attending a lecture [a report, a conference] on mobile communications（移动通讯）.,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,the answer [key, solution] to a problem,the preface to a book,an exception to a rule,the current through a component,the voltage across a component,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,③ 名词与介词的一种常见而有用的搭配模式（注意其汉译法）,,,(A 和 B也是名词),名词 of A 介词 B,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,A、该“名词”为普通的抽象名词（译成“A……B的 ～”）,B、该“名词”来自于不及物动词（“A”为该名词的逻辑主语；译成“A……B的 ～”）,C、该“名词”来自于及物动词（“A”为该名词的逻辑宾语；采用“动宾”译法）,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,A、该“名词”为普通的抽象名词（译成“A……B的 ～”）,This section（节）describes the advantages of AC over DC.,The advantage of TDMA over SCPC is that more ground stations can share（共享）a single satellite transponder（应答器）.,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,Speed is defined as the ratio of distance to time.,The effect [influnce; impact] of temperature on [upon] the resistance of a semiconductor must be taken into account.,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,The distance of the moon from the earth’s center is 240,000 mi.,The effectiveness（有效性）of this force depends only on the perpendicular distance of its line of action（作用线）from the hinges（铰链；折叶）.,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,the superiority of A to B,the similarity of A to B,the relation(ship) of A to B,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,B、该“名词”来自于不及物动词（“A”为该名词的逻辑主语；译成“A……B的 ～”）,This curve shows the dependence of the output on [upon] the input. (depend on [upon]),The variation of the conductivity of a metal with temperature is very small. (vary with),,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,Ellipses（椭圆）are used to describe the motions of the planets（行星）round the sun. (move round),All conductors offer small resistance to the passage of electrons through them. (pass through),,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,The control engineer is usually interested in the response of a control system to unit step（单位阶跃）, ramp（斜波）, and parabolic（抛物） functions（函数）. （respond to ）,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,the deviation of A from B (deviate from) the interaction of A with B (interact with) the projection of A on B (project on),,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,*** 特殊情况：,the,increase decrease rise fall change reduction,in/of A with B,,“A随B的…而～”,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,*** 特殊情况：,A gradual increase in resistance with speed is characteristic of friction between the boat’s bottom and the water.,***,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,the variation of current with impedance.,Fig. 1 shows,the graph of current as a function of impedance.,the graph of current versus [vs.] impedance.,the graph of current against impedance.,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,The definition of electric current as a flow of charge is familiar to all of us. (define A as B),The separation of aluminum from its ore（矿石）was very difficult at that time. (separate A from B),C、该“名词”来自于及物动词（“A”为该名词的逻辑宾语；采用“动宾”译法）,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,In this case, exposure of the body to sunlight helps to overcome anemia（贫血）and stimulate（刺激）metabolism（新陈代谢）. (expose A to B),,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,The resolution（分解）of a force into x- and y-components is possible. (resolve A into B),A comparison of Eq. (1 - 4) with Eq. (1 - 6) leads to the following relations. (compare A with B),,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,***注意以下形式：,What is the date of the discovery of America by Columbus?,“名词（来自及物动词）of A（逻宾） [介词 B（逻状）] by C（逻主）”,,,～ 2、习惯的搭配关系,§2 .1词汇搭配,The formulation（确立）of the theory of relativity（相对论）by Einstein is one of the most significant events of the 20th century.,Niels Bohr, in 1913, first applied these ideas to the emission of light by atoms.,,,§2 .2 句子成分,主,表,谓,宾,,简单式,复合式,,直接,间接,保留,介宾,,1、分类,,,§2 .2 句子成分,1、分类,定,状,补,同位,插入,后置,前置,,位置灵活,主补,宾补,,一个词的,一个句的,在主句中,在从句中,,,,,,,§2 .2 句子成分,2、同位语的位置及译法,（1）正常位置,名词,,直接跟,用逗号分开,用冒号分开,用破折号分开,用引导词或短语分开,同位语,+,,,§2 .2 句子成分,～ 2、同位语的位置及译法,The term “sensitivity”（灵敏度）is often used in radio engineering.,The word “radar” comes from RAdio Detection And Ranging.,。