江苏省2014版高考英语 专题检测卷（二十七）任务型阅读.doc

任务型阅读(建议用时: 20分钟)1(2013·徐州模拟)The Nature of StressWe are often faced with stresses that are outside of our control, from rare natural disasters to everyday traffic jams. There is a good deal of evidence that uncontrollable events are particularly stressful. This has been shown in studies of “executive rats” in which two rats receive exactly the same electric shock, but one is given a lever that could be used to turn the shock off after it occurs. Over a long series of such trials, the partner rat, helpless to do anything about its pain, is more likely to develop ulcers(溃疡)than is the “executive”. Stress is mostly caused by uncertain events. Uncertainty about an event makes it more disturbing. One study found that subjects who were told that they had a 5 percent chance of receiving an electric shock were actually more uneasy than those who were told that they had a 50 percent chance. People make various attempts to deal with their stress—removing the cause of the stress, seeking the support of friends or reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less unpleasant. Richard Lazarus and his colleagues have made a useful distinction between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies(策略). Problem-focused strategies are those aimed at doing something to change the problem causing the stress. Emotion-focused strategies tend to regulate our distressing emotional responses. Psychologists Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus examined undergraduate students’ coping strategies at three time periods—two days before a midterm examination; a week later two days before the grades were announced; and five days after the grades were posted. Before the exam, students tended to use such problem-focused strategies as studying—a guaranteed way to reduce the potential problems. After the exam, when their fates were sealed, if they sought out others, it was usually for emotional support. Like other animals, humans have always been safer in groups. Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support that can reduce the psychological and physiological symptoms of stress. A lack of support can increase our susceptibility to illness. For instance, short-term loneliness is associated with a decrease in immune response. In contrast people who have strong social ties are usually more resistant to diseases. For instance, after being diagnosed as having a life threatening disease, married people are likely to survive longer than unmarried people. People may provide appraisal support, helping us to evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. If a professor tells you that he had also failed his first college algebra exam, the consequences of your failure will seem less devastating. Others can also provide informational support, giving advice about how to deal with the problem. Finally, friends and relatives may give us instrumental support, providing material goods or services to overcome the stress. If your father lends you some money when your car breaks down, you can stop tearing your hair out and just fix it. The Nature of Stress(1)　　　makes peoplemore stressedEvents that can’t be(2)　　　are more stressful. Events that are(3)　　　will make animals or people more stressed. How to(4)　　　stressRemove the cause of the stress. (5)　　　to friends for help. Reinterpret the situation. Do something to change the problem(6)　　　causes the stress. Regulate our distressing emotional responses. Effects of social supportSupport and protection from society make people feel less(7)　　　. Strong social ties make people both physically and(8)　　　healthy. Types of social supportAppraisal support(9)　　　evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. Informational support gives advice about how to deal with the problem. Instrumental support provides material goods or services to get(10)　　　the stress. 2(2013·淮安模拟)Get over self-consciousnessEver got stressed out because you weren’t sure what you’d say at that morning meeting? Worried about what you’d look like after squeezing into last year’s bathing suit? Uneasy to speak to a stranger in the street when you wanted to ask the way? Afraid of making a mistake in class? All these show that you are self-conscious. Self-consciousness—the action of easily feeling nervous in public because of shyness—keeps us fighting the battle to control our self-image. But always worrying about our shortcomings, unavoidably traps us in embarrassment and shame. You feel that you are a loser or a failure, unsuccessful at your career or in your life. The difference between embarrassment and shame is slight but significant, and the distinction is extremely important for building a protective covering of self-respect. When we introduce one of our friends to a colleague and forget his or her name, it’s an embarrassing blow to our image, because we think others are viewing us in a negative light. If there are enough embarrassing moments, we begin view。