基础英语第四单元最后两段.doc

1.Barring prep. Except for; if not for2. grassroots adj. 基层的；草根的；乡村的n. 草根；基础3.curb n. 抑制；路边；勒马绳vt. 控制；勒住curb line 路缘线；路边线curb chain 锁链；制动链Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀4. safeguard n. [安全] 保护；保卫；保护措施vt. [安全] 保护，护卫5.United States Bill of Rights ：The First Amendment The Second AmendmentPeople have the right to own and carry guns and this right cannot be violated.(侵犯的)American gun culture: for protection, hunting, sport.6. outrage n. 1. an extremely strong reation of anger2.an extremely cruel, wicked(恶劣的), or shocking actv. cause to feel outrageoutrageous adj. 1. shocking bad or excessive（过度的）2. very bold（大胆的） and unusual7. do one's partv. 尽自己的职责8. cut into1）. 切入，割入，砍入： He cut his name into the bark with his knife.他用小刀把自己的名字刻在树皮上。

2）. 切成，割成；锯成： to cut timbre into logs将原木锯成段木3）. 插嘴，打断： She cut into our conversation several times.她几次打断我们的谈话4）. 减少；从…中占去时间： The rise in wages cut into the profits of the company.工资的增长降低了公司的利润violate: vt. 违反；侵犯，妨碍；亵渎violate knowingly 明知故犯violate contract 违反合同Students who violate the terms of their visa - for example, by working off-campus without permission - could be sent home.infringe vt. 侵犯；违反；破坏vi. 侵犯；侵害infringe uponTort infringe 侵权infringe copyright 侵犯着作权Be careful not to infringe the rights of other people.infringement n.encroach vi. 侵占；蚕食；侵蚀vt. 侵犯Encroach soul 异度摄魂encroach on 侵犯；蚕食；侵入encroach upon 侵占The irony in his proposal is that such a guest-worker programme would necessarily encroach upon a federal prerogative. 讽刺的是，犹他州的这项外籍劳工方案可能会侵犯联邦在制定这项法律上的特权。

invade vt. 侵略；侵袭；侵扰；涌入vi. 侵略；侵入；侵袭；侵犯invade v 侵入invade Iraq 侵略阿富汗Shuttle Invade 太空入侵It gave a green light for Ethiopia to invade Somalia.The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights.In 2008 and 2010, the Supreme Court issued two Second Amendment decisions. In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Court ruled that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm, unconnected to service in a militia (服兵役)and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home. Additionally, the Court enumerated(枚举) several longstanding（长期的） prohibitions（禁止，禁例） and restrictions（限制） on firearms possession that it found were consistent with the Second Amendment. In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the Court ruled that the Second Amendment limits state and local governments to the same extent that it limits the federal government.。