英语学习4语态转换译法.ppt

第十四章 语态转换译法 Translation of Passive Voice,14.1 顺译法 14.1.1 顺译成被动句 14.1.2 顺译成主动句 14.2 倒译法 14.2.1 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 14.2.2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 14.2.3 倒译成汉语的无主句 14.3 分译法 14.4 惯译法,语态转换译法指主动语态和被动语态的互译，即把英语的被动语态的句子转译成汉语的主动语态的句子， 或把英语的主动语态的句子转译成汉语的被动语态的句子14. 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 既保留原文的主语，又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法14. 1. 1 顺译成被动句 译成 “被” 字句 例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】 维生素C受热过度就会被破坏B. 译成 “挨” 字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者（受事者）不利或不好的句子 例1：The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。

例2：I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了例1：Our clothes were soaked with sweat. 【译文】我们的衣服给汗水湿透了C. 译成 “给” 字句 “给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者（受事者）不愉快或不愿接受的句子例2：The crops were washed away by the flood. 【译文】庄稼给大水冲跑了 例3：Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company. 【译文】路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车给拖走了D. 译成 “叫、让、由、受、遭到、受到、予、予以、加、加以、引以、为……所、经……所” 等字句，用以加强说话、表达语气 例1：You have been wetted in the rain. 【译文】你叫雨淋湿了 例2：The γ-rays are not affected by an electric field. 【译文】γ射线不受电场影响例3：A lot of houses and buildings, roads and bridges were damaged in the seaquake. 【译文】许多房屋建筑、道路桥梁在这次海啸中遭到破坏。

例4：It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means. 【译文】这件事必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理课堂互动1： 翻译下列句子, 顺译成被动句（参考译文）,1．Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded. 【译文】立功的人将受到奖励 2．A program called a compiler（汇编者） was written by an expert in machine code and is stored in the computer. 【译文】汇编程序先由专家用机器代码编码写好， 然后储存在计算机中3．Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to. 【译文】翻译技巧应予以足够的重视4．The applicants interviewed are required to hand in some necessary material. 【译文】被谈过话的申请人，要求交上必要的材料。

5．Television keeps us informed about current events at home and abroad. 【译文】电视使我们了解国内外大事6．His plain prose is enlivened （使活跃）by boundless curiosity, a very sense of humour and a falcon-sharp eye for detail. 【译文】他那永无止境的好奇心，十足的幽默感以及捕捉细节所特有的隼一般锐利的目光使他那平淡的日记平添了几分生气7．The temperature of the earth is determined by the amount of solar heat which the atmosphere can keep. 【译文】地球的温度取决于大气能保持多少热辐射8．He was beaten black and blue. 【译文】他被打得青一块紫一块 9．His father was killed before liberation. 【译文】他爹在解放前给杀害了小节结束,10．With a true democratic system, he said, Egypt would not have been defeated by Israel in 1967. 【译文】他说倘有一个真正的民主制度，埃及就不会在1967年让（被）以色列打败了。

小节结束,14. 1. 2 顺译成主动句 顺译成形式是主动，意义上是被动的句子 例1：Love can not be forced. 【译文】爱情不能强求 例2：Love and cough cannot be hidden. 【译文】爱情和咳嗽都无法隐藏B. 改变原文的谓语动词，顺译成主动句 例1：The teacher was satisfied with the answer. 【译文】老师对回答感到满意例2：I am told you are careless. 【译文】听说你很粗心大意 例3：The long river is originated from that high mountain. 【译文】这条大河发源于那座山C. 顺译成 “是……的” 结构 英语句子要着重表示的不是受事者受到了某个行动这样一个事实本身，而是与这个行动有关的一些具体情况，如时间、地点、方式、方法等也就是说，句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态的含义这样就可以顺译成汉语的“是……的”的句式其框架为“受事者—是—动词—的”例1：That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother. 【译文】这个怪念头是他哥哥想出来的。

例2：The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 【译文】美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的例3：Poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the lyre. 【译文】诗歌吟唱时是由七弦琴伴奏的 例4：The left ear is controlled by the right side of the brain. 【译文】左耳是由大脑的右侧控制的课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子, 顺译成主动句（参考译文）,1．This is a question to be answered at once. 【译文】这是一个要立即回答的问题 2．We are deeply touched by the hero’s loyalty to the cause. 【译文】我们深为英雄忠于事业的精神所感动3．The novels of Dickens have already been translated into many languages. 【译文】狄更斯的小说已经译成了好几种语言。

4．The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of agricultural science. 【译文】这一发现在农业科学界得到很高的评价5．Wells and spring are supplied with underground water. 【译文】井水和泉水都是地下水 6．I was received by a tall, lithe（轻巧自如的）, vibrant（有活力的） woman in her 70’s, white-haired, and still beautiful. 【译文】接见我的是一位高挑轻盈、满头银发的女人虽然年逾古稀，却依然神采奕奕、风韵犹存7．I hope that the resolution of the General Assembly will at last be respected by Member States and by Israel in particular. 【译文】我希望大会的各项决议终将得到各会员国，尤其是以色列的尊重8．It happened in one of those picturesque Danish taverns that cater to tourists and where English is spoken. (R. Zacks: The Date Father Didn’t Keep) 【译文】故事发生在丹麦的一家雅致的小旅馆里；这种小旅馆备有酒菜招待游客，而且讲英语。

9．Scarcely had Hitler recovered from the shock of the July 20 bombing when he was faced with the loss of France and Belgium and of the great conquests in the East. (William L. Shirer: The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich) 【译文】希特勒在7月20日的炸弹案件后惊魂未定，又面临着丢失法国和比利时的局面和东战场的巨大压力10．Most of these writers were convinced that injustices existed in our economic system, and against these injustices they protested, but they had no wish to change the system itself; or if they did, though idealistic, Utopian schemes. 【译文】大多数作家都认为我们的经济制度中存在着不公平的现象，并对此提出过抗议，但是他们并不想从本身上改变这种制度；即使想，也只是些乌托邦式的空想而已。

小节结束,14. 2 倒译法 (Translation in Reverse Order) 倒译法就是将英语被动句的主语汉译成宾语的翻译方法14. 2. 1 把 by 后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 例1：Yet, only a part of this energy is used by man. 【译文】然而，人类只利用了这种能量的一部分 例2：Rivers are controlled by dams. 【译文】拦河大坝把河流控制住了 例3：We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism. 【译文】社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福例1：Heat is removed from the body during sweating. 【译文】出汗时人体散发热量 例2：Abu。