lesson18digitalsystems电子技术专业英语教程.ppt

Lesson 18 Digital Systems 《电子技术专业英语教程》冯新宇 主编 电子工业出版社 ,Unit7 Digital Logic Circuit,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,2,Lesson 18 Digital Systems,Backgrounds Text tour Language in use Vocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,3,Terminology translator n.翻译者；【计】 翻译程序，翻译器 compiler n.【计】（自动编码器）编译程序器；程序编制（器） semiconductor technology 【计】半导体工艺，半导体技术 microprocessor 【计】微处理器; 微处理机,Backgrounds,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,4,Text tour,Outline Digital systems and a typical digital system How dose the computer deal with information ? Software Complier Microprocessor Microcontroller,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,5,Digital systems and a typical digital system,Digital systems are designed to store, process, and communicate information in digital form. They are found in a wide range of applications, including process control, communication systems, digital instruments, and consumer products. The digital computer, more commonly called the “computer” , is an example of a typical digital system.,a computer,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,6,How dose the computer deal with information ? (1),A computer manipulates information in digital, or more precisely, binary form. A binary number has only two discrete values - zero or one. Each of these discrete values is represented by the OFF and ON status of an electronic switch called a “transistor”. All computers, therefore, only understand binary numbers. Any decimal number (base 10, with ten digits from 0 to 9) can be represented by a binary number (base 2, with digits 0 and 1).,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,7,How dose the computer deal with information ? (2),The basic blocks of a computer are the central processing unit (CPU), the memory, and the input/output (I/O). The CPU of the computer is basically the same as the brains of a human being. Computer memory is conceptually similar to human memory. A question asked to a human being is analogous to entering a program into the computer using an input device such as the keyboard, and answering the question by the human is similar in concept to outputting the result required by the program to a computer output device such as the printer. The main difference is that human beings can think independently, whereas computers can only answer questions that they are programmed for. Programs can perform a specific task such as addition if the computer has an electronic circuit capable of adding two numbers. Programmers cannot change these electronic circuits but can perform tasks on them using instructions.,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,8,Software,Computer software Computer software, on the other hand, consists of a collection of programs. Programs contain instructions and data for performing a specific task. These programs, written using any programming language such as C++, must be translated into binary prior to execution by the computer. This is because the computer only understands binary numbers. Therefore, a translator for converting such a program into binary is necessary.,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,9,Complier,Compiler A translator program called the compiler is used for translating programs written in a programming language such as C++ into binary. These programs in binary form are then stored in the computer memory for execution because computers only understand 1’s and 0’s. Furthermore, computers can only add. This means that all operations such as subtraction, multiplication, and division are performed by addition.,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,10,Microprocessor,Due to advances in semiconductor technology, it is possible to fabricate the CPU in a single chip. The result is the microprocessor. Both Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) and bipolar technologies were used in the fabrication process. The CPU can be placed on a single chip when MOS technology is used. However, several chips are required with the bipolar technology. HCMOS (High Speed Complementary MOS) or BICMOS (Combination of Bipolar and HCMOS) technology is normally used these days to fabricate the microprocessor in a single chip.,A intel microprocessor,8088 microprocessor,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,11,Microcontroller,“Microcontrollers” evolved from single-chip microcomputers. The microcontrollers are typically used for dedicated applications such as automotive systems, home appliances, and home entertainment systems. Typical microcontrollers, therefore, include a microcomputer, timers, and A/D (analog to digital) and D/A (digital to analog) converters all in a single chip. Examples of typical microcontrollers are Intel 8751 (8-bit) / 8096 (16-bit) and Motorola HC11 (8-bit) / HC16 (16-bit).,Intel 8751 (8-bit),Motorola HC16 (16-bit),2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,12,Vocabulary Acquisition stimulus margin evaluation ancillary brief Structure Reading/writing techniques,Language in use,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,13,Vocabulary,2019/2/2,《电子技术专业英语教程》,14,Acquisition in dictionary,The act of acquiring. 获得，取得 Something acquired, especially an addition to an established category or group. 获得物 The process of locating a satelli。