《英汉翻译考点》word版.doc

English and Chinese Translation Part I Theoretical Review （5*4’=20’）Please state your understanding of the following terms of translation studies. Answer in CHINESE or ENGLISH on the answer sheet. 1. 归化： 采取民族中心主义的态度，是外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译入语文化抹杀原作民族特点，歪曲原文易于被接受2异化：是对这些文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义的压力，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情景3.语际翻译：不同语言之间的翻译，以交流为目的，以意识为标尺4.语内翻译：各个语言变体之间的翻译，如把方言译成民族共同语，把古代语译成现代语，把诗歌以为散文等等5.连续传译：又称即席翻译，用于会议发言、宴会致辞、商务谈判、学术研讨、参观游览等场合，发言人讲完部分或全部内容之后，由口译人员进行翻译6.同声传译：通常用于大型正式会议上，要求译员利用专门设备，不间断地边听边译其最大优点在于高效，可以保证讲话者连续发言，不影响或中断说话者的思路，有利于听众对发言全文的通篇理解。

7.信雅达：忠实，准确的再现原文的意思，“达”译文通顺流畅，没有语病，“雅”符合原文文采，完美表达原文风格8.可译性：可译性探讨的是从一种语言译成另一种语言的可能程度，即在什么情况下是可译的，什么情况下是不可译的9.形合：句中的词语或分句之间需要一种语言形式手段（如连词或关联词）连接起来，表达一定的语法意义和逻辑关系10.意合：词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段进行连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义来表达11.直译：有一字一句就译一字一句，而且字句的次第也不更动，是既保留原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字，能如实传达原文意义，体现原文风格12.意译：是只保持原文内容，不保持原文形式的翻译方法可使译文更易被理解，接受13.综合性语言：词与词的关系是靠词本身的形态变化来表现的，如拉丁语、俄语、德语和古英语14.分析性语言：词与词的关系并不是通过词形变化，而是通过词序或虚词（助词）等手段来表示的，如汉语15.屈折变化：性、数、格、时、体、语态、语气、人称、比较级等16.“洋气”（鲁迅）：必须要有异国情调，异化17.“化境”（钱钟书）：把作品从一国文字转换成另一国文字， 既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入于‘化境' ， 好的译文应该在艺术上语言上胜过原文 ，有化必有讹。

18.翻译过程：正确理解（全面），创造性表达（忠实通顺），审校（精确自然简练）19.翻译标准：忠实而通顺，尽量表达出原文的意思，风格和精神，自然流畅20.翻译单位：原语在译语中具备对应物的最小单位，翻译单位不宜太长，也不宜太短，以句子最为合适Part II Free Sentence Translation (10*2’=20’)Please translate the following English sentences into Chinese. Full application of individual style is preferred. Write your answer on the answer sheet.Part III Regulated Sentence Translation (10*2’=20’)Please translate the following English sentences into Chinese using the designated techniques of translation. Write your answer on the answer sheet.注意：一定要体现括号中对具体翻译技巧的要求。

Part IV Passage Translation (10’+20’+10’=40’)Please translate the following English passages into Chinese. Marks will be rewarded for organization, grammar, appropriacy and style. Write your answer on the answer sheet.注意：C篇为划线部分翻译Altogether autumn金秋时节 It’s time to plant the bulbs百合. But I put it off 延后as long as possible because planting bulbs mean making space in borders边界 which are still flowering开花. Pulling out all the annuals 一年生植物which nature本性 has allowed to erupt 长牙in overpowering压倒 purple, orange and pink, a final cry of joy. That would almost be murder, and so I wait until the first night frost 受冻，结霜anaesthetizes麻醉，使入睡 all the flowers with a cold, a creaky 老朽的crust坚硬表皮 that causes them to wither枯萎凋谢; a very gentle温和的，文雅的 death. Now I wander through my garden indecisively优柔寡断的, trying to hold on to the last days of late summer. 又到了种球茎的时节了，但我尽可能拖延栽种的时间，不想让其他开得正盛的花为它挪地方。

要强行移除这些正在长芽的，五颜六色的植物，最终带来的不会是喜悦而是痛苦所以我等到第一个霜降之夜，霜裹住它们坚硬腐朽的表皮，等它们慢慢凋谢，温柔的死去我才徘徊于我的花园，试图抓住夏天的尾巴 The trees are plump变丰满 with leafy多叶的 splendor.光彩 The birch桦树 is softly温柔的柔和的 rustling沙沙作响的 gold, which is now fluttering颤抖的 down like an unending stream of confetti糖果，五彩纸屑. Soon November will be approaching with its autumn storms and leaden铅灰色的 clouds hanging above your head like soaking浸湿的 wet潮湿的 rags碎屑. Just let it stay like this, I think, gazing凝视 at the huge mysterious shadows the trees conjure想象 up on the shining green meadows草地，牧场, the cows languidly疲倦的，不活泼的 flicking闪烁 their tails. Everything breathes an air of stillness,静止 the silence rent出租 by the exuberant 生气勃勃的color of asters紫菀属植物, dahlias大丽花, sunflowers and roses. 树木因叶子的光彩而显得丰满，桦树轻柔地沙沙作响，如今落叶像五彩的糖果纸般落下，十一月就要来了，那时秋天的暴风将会袭来，铅灰色的乌云如浸湿的碎屑般压在你头顶。

我想，最好还是保持这样吧，可以凝视着树木的巨大而神秘的倒影，想像闪耀这光芒的绿色牧场，奶牛们慵懒地摇着尾巴你嗅到的一切都是静止的，而这静谧又会被紫菀，大丽花，向日葵和玫瑰们生气勃勃的颜色所打破 The mornings begin chilly寒冷的. The evenings give you shivers哆嗦，战栗 and cold feet in bed. But in the middle of the day the sun breaks through, evaporating蒸发 the mist 薄雾on the grass, butterflies and wasps黄蜂 appear and cobwebs蜘蛛网 glisten闪光 against windows like silver lace.花边 The harvest of a whole year’s hard work is on the trees and bushes灌木; berries浆果类, beech山毛榉 mast, chestnuts栗子, acorns橡子. 早晨便是寒冷的，夜晚更会冻得你直打哆嗦，双脚冰冷。

但是中午时分，当阳光照下来驱散笼罩在早地上的薄雾时，蝴蝶、黄蜂都会出来，窗前的蜘蛛网像给窗户镶上了一圈银边一年劳动的成果都结在了树上，有灌木，浆果，山毛榉，栗子，橡子 Suddenly, I think of my youngest daughter, living now in Amsterdam. Very soon she will call and ask “Have you planted the bulbs yet?” Then I will answer teasingly戏弄 that actually I’m waiting until she comes to help me. And then we will both be overcome by nostalgia,乡愁 because once we always did that together. One entire sunny autumn afternoon, when she was three and a half years old, she helped me with all enthusiasm热情 and joyfulness欢喜 of her age. 突然，我想起了现在生活在阿姆斯特丹的小女儿。

她很快就会打回来问我：“有没有种百合啦？”，而我会开玩笑的回答她，我要等她回来帮我种然后我们都将被乡愁打败，因为曾今我们一直在一起种百合当她三岁半的时候，她总是花上一整个晴朗的秋日下午帮我，带着她那个年纪特有的热情和欢喜 It was one of the last afternoons that I had her around, because her place in school has been already reserved预定. She wandered around so happily carefree无忧无虑 with her little bucket 铲斗，水桶and spade铲子, covering the bulbs with earth and calling out “Night, night” or “Sleep night”, her little v。