【精品文档】591关于土木工程建筑项目施工组织设计风险控制的毕业设计论文英文英语外文文献翻译成品资料：风险管理在智利公共工程组织中的应用（中英文双语对照）

1、本文是中英对照毕业设计论文外文文献翻译，下载后直接可用！省去您找文献、pdf整理成word以及翻译的时间，一辈子也就一次的事！文献引用作者出处信息:M.C. (Michiel) Wolbers University of Twente，2019 (如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)英文4905单词，30259字符(字符就是印刷符)，中文7683汉字。（如果字数多了，可自行删减，大多数学校都是要求选取外文的一部分内容进行翻译的。）Application of risk management in Public Works organisations in ChileAbstract: This research focuses on the current state of the application of risk management in Chile. the Netherlands and the United States. Analysis of the current state is used for determining the necessa

2、ry improvements to enhance the application of risk management in the Public Works in Chile while the theoretical state is used to underpin the recommended improvements. Risk management is seen as part of project management and the benefits of effective risk management in construction are widely recognized. It is however still not common whether risk management is applied in a proper way in the organizations.The Risk Management Maturity Model (Risk Management R&D, 2002) and the Enterprise Risk Ma

3、nagement MaturityLevel Assessment tool (Ciorciari & Blattner, 2008) are used to developed a new model. The model is basically the same as the Risk Management Maturity Model, but with additional segment. Hence it is called the augmented model. This augmented model is used during the research determine the maturity of the application of risk management. On the basis of this augmented model a questionnaire is designed which is used to measure the current state of risk management application in Chil

4、e and the Netherlands. The questionnaire is also used to determine the desired level of risk management application in the Public Works in Chile.To determine the theoretical state of risk management application, a small literature study is done using five guidelines related to risk management application in the United States. The results of the current states in Chile and the Netherlands are analyzed and compared with each other and to identify the shortcomings of risk management application in

5、the Public Works in Chile. The research is based on a minimum amount of data and for this reason the conclusions and recommendations can not be used blindly.In terns of risk management application Public Works in Chile have scored an average level that lies between the levels “Initial” and ”Repeatable” while in the Netherlands the score is between “Repeatable” and “Managed”. In benchmarking the current state of the application of risk management in Chile against the Netherlands 15 elements for i

6、mprovement are identified. 8 elements are related to improvements from “Initial” to “Repeatable”. The other 7 elements have a level of “Repeatable” still there is possibility for improvement.The elements with requirements for improvement are divided into three groups, based on their urgency and their importance in the application of risk management. The first group has the most urgency and includes taking the following steps:Risk awareness has to be part of the organization and risks have to man

7、aged mostly formal;Formal generic risk processes have to be applied to all projects;Personnel are trained in basic skills of risk management on a frequent basis;Key suppliers participate frequently in the projects and the projects have customeroriented goals;Communication about the identified risks has to go trough formal and informal communications channels;Inhouse expertise has to be enhanced;.Risk management has to be applied routinely and consistently in all the projects and risk thinking ha

8、s to be applied to all the activities;The resources in the process have to be dedicated to the projects;Risk management has to be linked to all standard procedures.The second group includes elements which have a level of “Repeatable”, but are recognized by the interviewed employees of the Public Works in Chile for their importance in the application of risk management. The steps to bridge the shortcomings are as follows:Risk experts have to advice the project organizations and sometimes be part

9、of the project organization;Risks profiles have to be used to make a distinction between the project types and to determine the measures to be taken;The responsibilities have to clearly defined and assigned and accepted by the personnel.Risk management has to be viewed as important and risk management has to be part of the holistic project management.The urgency for the third group of elements is less than for the other two groups, however there is still need for improvement. The steps to be taken are as follows:“Bad news” risk information has to be accepted and also be shared and escalated in a limited way;The benefits of risk management has to be recognized and the upper management has to use risk information in their decisionmaking;The benefits of risk management are not fully recognized in the Public Works organisations in Chile indicating a shortcoming for the application of risk management as a whole. T

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