2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考前拔高名师测验卷24（附答案解析）

1、2022军队文职人员招聘-军队文职英语言文学考前拔高名师测验卷（附答案解析）1. 问答题：指南针的发明源于中国。2000多年前的战国时期，人们利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北指极性发明了指南针的雏形，称之为“司南”。它用天然磁石制成，样子像一把勺子，底部为圆形，可在平滑的“地盘”上自由旋转，待旋转的磁勺慢慢停止下来时，勺柄就指向南方。磁石的硬度为5.56.54。900年前的北宋时期，人们把一片薄铁皮剪成约7厘米长，1.5厘米宽的鱼形，放在炭火中烧得通红，然后用鱼嵌夹着鱼头，让鱼尾正对着地球磁场方向。这样，铁鱼内部被烧得处于活动状态的磁畴就顺着地球磁场方向排列，再把磁化后的铁鱼迅速浸入冷水中，磁畴的规则排列就马上固定下来。这时，再把小鱼浮在水面平静的碗中，鱼头鱼尾就可以指南北了。在使用指南针的过程中，人们不断地改进，不断地摸索，使指向仪器在外形上终于成为最简便的针形。人们拿一根小钢针在磁石上反复摩擦，待钢针磁化后，便是指南针了。在此基础上，以后人们发明了更为先进的罗盘。指南针首先是风水先生发明和使用的。北宋时期，指南针应用于航海事业中，使之有了经久不衰的生命力。北宋前，航海者是利用日月星辰的位

2、置来判定方向。这种方法在天晴时尚可运用，一旦阴雨天，航海者的命运就难以把握了。自从有了指南针，它为航海者带来极大的方便，成为航海家的必备之物。郑和七次下西洋，哥伦布对美洲大陆的发现和麦哲伦的环球航行，都与指南针的应用分不开。答案： 本题解析：The compass was invented in China.Two thousand years ago, during the Warring States Period （475 B.C.221 B.C.） in China, the Chinese invented “Sinan”, an embryonic form of compass, which made use of the magnets property that it always orients itself north and South in the magnetic field of the earth. It was made of natural magnetic lodestone and it looked like a spoon with a ha

3、rdness of 5.56.5. Its bottom was round and so it could spin freely on the tray on which it was placed. When the revolving spoon slowed down and came to a stop, its handle pointed to the south.Nine hundred years ago, in the Northern Song Dynasty （960 A.D.1127 A.D.）, the Chinese made a thin iron sheet shaped like a fish, which was 7 cm in length and l.5 cm in breadth. It was heated red hot in a charcoal fire. The fish head was then gripped with a pair of tongs and the fish tail was turned to the d

4、irection of the magnetic field of the earth. The moving magnetic domain inside the hot fish was thus aligned in the same direction as the magnetic field of the earth. The magnetized fish was then put suddenly into cold water, thus fixing the magnetic field in the fish. Therefore, when the fish was floated on still water in a bowl, the head of the fish pointed to the south and the tail to the north. Over years, this fish-shaped device gradually evolved into the more simple and convenient form of

5、an iron needle. To make it, a small needle was repeatedly rubbed on a piece of magnetite till it was magnetized. The more advanced compass was invented on the basis of it afterwards.The compass was first invented and used by men who help people to determine whether the layout and the position of their homes and offices are in good relation to the environment. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was used in navigation, therefore gaining a lasting life. Before that time, navigators determined directi

6、ons by looking at the positions of the sun, the moon and the stars. This method was useful when the sky was clear. It was, however, difficult to ensure a navigators destiny when the sky was overcast or rainy.Ever since the use of the compass, navigation became much easier and for the navigators, it became indispensable. For example, Zheng He, the famous Chinese navigator in the Ming Dynasty, went seven times （1405 A.D.1433 A.D.） to more than 30 countries in Asia and Africa by sea. Christopher Co

7、lumbus discovered the Americas, and Ferdinand Magellan made a voyage around the world by sea. All of these voyages would not have been successful without making use of the compass.2. 问答题：今日发布的一项调查显示，三分之二的英国民众担心英国将遭遇新一轮经济衰退。与此同时，调查还揭示，英国被评为欧洲第二大不适合居住的国家。85%的人认为，欧元区危机已经危及英国经济，而一项新报告指出，在本次经济动荡发生之前，英国经济就已经在减速了。GcomRes的调查显示，超过半数（59%）的英国人正在削减开支，以应对可能到来的新一轮经济衰退。近四分之三的英国人称，他们担心新一轮经济衰退会给自己和自己的家庭带来严重的冲击，只有13%的人说他们认为自己不会受到影响。不过，不到五分之一（18%）的人认为，如果有助于避免新一轮经济衰退，英国就应该拿出更多钱，帮助解决欧元区的金融危机。这项涵盖了2000多人的调查显示，77%的人认为

8、这次危机证明英国不加入欧元区是正确的，另外有数量相近的人的认为欧洲的政治领导人在处理欧元区的债务危机上很失败。另一项由智囊力Demos撰写的题为“良性增长”的研究报告指出，英国是欧洲最不适宜居住的地方之一。这一研究报告称，从健康、住房和就业市场等多种因素来看，全欧洲只有西班牙比英国更不适宜居住。该研究称，最适宜居住的地方是挪威、德国和荷兰。经济合作与发展组织的研究发现将进一步加剧人们对英国新一轮经济衰退的担心。这一受敬重的智囊团说，英国经济增速放缓已经持续了至少七个月。英国不是唯一一个经济前景惨淡的国家，七国集团的所有其他工业国也同样面临经济减速的困境。不过，英国经济在希腊陷入债务危机之前就已经开始停滞不前了，这一事实削弱了英国政府所持的欧元区造成英国经济颓势的论点。答案： 本题解析：Two thirds of the British public fear that the UK is heading for another recession, a survey showed today. The news came as it was revealed that Britain

9、has been rated the second worst country in Europe to live in.And while 85 percent of people say that the eurozone crisis has endangered the UK economy, a new report suggests that Britains economic slowdown predated the recent turmoil.More than half59 percentof Britons are cutting back on spending in anticipation of another recession, according to a ComRes poll.Almost three quarters said they were worried that another recession would have a severe impact on them and their family, while just 13 percent said they would not expect to be affected.But fewer than one in five18 percentbelieve Britain should contribute more money to help solve the eurozones financial crisis, if it would help avoid another recession.The survey of more than 2,000 people showed that 77 percent believe the crisis proved the UK was

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