如何写好英语四级作文段落.doc
3页1、如何写好段落。首先一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic)这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次一个段落必须有若干推展句使主题思想得到充分展开从而给读者一个完整的感觉这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness) 。再者一个段落不是杂乱无章的而是有机的组合 句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth)这就是连贯性(coherence)。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。1 .统一性一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例Joe and I decided to take the long trip wed always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella ba
2、kes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.本段的主题句是段首句 controlling idea中心思想是take the longtrip across the country 。 文中出现两个 irrelevant sentences 一个是 Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie这一段是讲的是
3、Joe and I 中间出现一个 Bella 是不合适的。还有 Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出 irrelevant sentences不相关语句而丢分值得引起注意。再看一个例子My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three mi
4、les, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.本段的 controlling idea 是 like to deep physically fit但段中有两个irrelevant sentences 一个是 I bought two new suitcases last week另一个是 My mother was a premature baby 。从上面两个例子可以看出native speakers 同样会造出来irrelevantsentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了造成偏题或离题那问题就更严重了。2 完整性正象我们前面说得那样一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样虽然有推展句但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如Physical work can be a u
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