机械专业外文文献翻译@外文翻译--残余应力
9页1、附录Residual Stresses A residual stress is one that exists without external loading or internal temperature differences on a structure or machine. It is usually a result of manufacturing or assembling operations. Sometimes it is called initial stress, and the operations, prestressing. When the structure or machine is put into service, the service loads superimpose stresses. If the residual stresses add to the service-load stresses, they are detrimental; if they subtract from the service-load stres
2、ses they are beneficial. In the plastic deformation the external force does the merit turns into outside the heat except the majority of extensions, but also some small part by the distortion can the form stores up in the deformation material. This part of energy named storage energy. The storage can the concrete manifestation way is: Macroscopic residual stress, microscopic residual stress and lattice distortion. According to the residual stress balance scope difference, usually may divide into
3、 it three kinds: (1) First kind of internal stress, also called the macroscopic residual stress, it is causes by the work piece different part macroscopic distortion nonuniformity, therefore its stress balance scope including entire work piece. For example, serves with Jin Shubang the curving load, then above is pulled elongates, under receives the compression; The distortion surpasses when the limit of elasticity has had the plastic deformation, after then the external force elimination by elon
4、gated one side on the existence compressed stress, the leg of right triangle is the tensile stress. This kind of residual stress corresponds the distortion can not be big, only accounts for always stores up can about 0.1%. (2) Second kind of internal stress, also called the microscopic residual stress, it is produces by between the crystal grain or the subgrain distortion nonuniformity. Its sphere of action and the crystal grain size quite, namely maintain the balance between the crystal grain o
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