山东大学断层解剖学双语课件07脑血管的应用解剖学

1、The applied anatomy of cerebral vesselsThe medical college of shandong universityThe characteristic of cerebral vessels1. the composition : internal carotid a.s. vertebral a.s.2. the both systems form anastomosis ( Willis circle )；3. The two artery systems enter cranial cavity by flexed journey；4. the wall of cerebral arteries is very thin , so breake and bleeding is very easy ；arteriae systematicaccerebral arteries5. the cerebral arteries can be divided in to: cortex branches cerebral cortex ce

2、ntral branches （basal nucleus,internal capsule,diencephalon）；cortex branchescentral branches6. the both systems haven,t anastomosis each other； for example : blood vessels block7. the cerebral arteries do not accompanied by veins ；8. the cerebral veins and cranial sinuses are no venous valve；9. the both of cerebral blood capillary and neuron have blood brain barrier；10. The mutation of cerebral arteries is very common， especially in Willis circle 。the artery systeme of brain vinternal carotid A.

3、 S.vvertebral-basilar A.S.vTo according to tentorium of cerebellum:vthe structures of supratentorium accept blood from internal carotid A. S. and posterior cerebral artery;vthe structures of infratentorium accept blood from vertebral-basilar A.S. internal carotid A. S.To according to the journey, internal carotid A.can be divided in to 1. cervical segment 2. encranial segment ： C5, carotid canal segment ； C4, cavernous segment ； C3, knee segment ； C2, chiasmatic cistern segment ； C1, end segment

4、 Brain angiography: anterior view ，like“T”, formed by M1+A1+C1posterior view ， like“C”， formed by C2+C3+C4vthe main branches of internal carotid artery 1. ophthalmic A. 2. posterior communicating A. 3. ant. choroidal A.: cortex branches： hippocampus and uncus； central branches： posterior limb of internal capsule and globus pallidus。 it,s characteristic is slender，to take place embolism easily。4. anterior cerebral a. (1) To according to the journey, anterior cerebral a. can be divided in to: A1 h

5、orizontal segment； A2 ascending segment ； A3 knee -segment ； A4 pericallosal segment ； A5 end- segment 。（2）branches and distributioncortical branches： medial frontobasal a. posteromedial frontal a. pericallosal a. paracentral a. precuneal a. before part of parietooccipital sulcus, hemispheric medial face。central branches（medial lenticulostriate artery） include： A. recurrent branches（Heubner artery）: putamen、head of caudate nucleus 、 internal capsule； B. basal branches： optic chiasma 、 hypothalam

6、us。（3）5. middle cerebral a. （1） the journey and segments M1 horizontal segment； M2 insula segment, like“U” ； M3 lateral sulcus- segment M4 bifurcate segment M5 end-segment (2) branches and distribution cortical branches： arteriae frontobasalis lateralis artery of precentral sulcus artery of central sulcus artery of postcentral sulcus posterior parietal a. temporal polar a. arteriae temporalis anterior； middle temporal a. arteriae temporalis posterior； artery of angular gyrus。 surface of superola

7、teral cerebral hemisphere and insula。Central branches（lateral lenticulostriate a.）： most of part of the internal capsule and striatum 。 so this arteries is broken and bleeding easily。 It is named bleeding arteries !（3）vertebral-basilar A.S.vertebral artery 1. the journey and segments V1 transverse foramen-segment V2 horizontal segment V3 atlas-segment V4 foramen magnum-segment V5 Intracalvarium-segment2. The main branches of Intracranial segment: meningeal branches； anterior spinal artery； medul

8、la oblongata branches ； pos. inf. cerebellar a.： it,s characteristic is slender， to take place Infarct easily。 basilar a. main branches： ant. Inf.cerebellar a. labyrinthine a. pontine arteries superior cerebellar a.posterior cerebral a. 1. the journey and segments P1 horizontal segment； P2 microtubule segment； P3 temporal branches ； P4 parietooccipital a. / calcarine a.。2. main branches： cortical branches： inferior temporal a. (ant. / mid. / pos ) calcarine a. parietooccipital a. after part of p

9、arietooccipital sulcus, hemispheric medial face。 central branches： brain stem、 dorsal thalamus、 hypothalamus、 lateral geniculate body。 3. WilliscircleThe composition and position The Types and mutation of Williscircle in Chinesein modern times formprimitive formtransition formmixing formagenesis formthe cerebral veinsCan be divided into two groups: superficial group deep group the superficial cerebral veinsvThe superior cerebral veins ： 812strip，collecting blood from surface of superolateral cer

10、ebral hemisphere to superior sagittal sinus。vThe superficial middle cerebral veins ： collecting blood from surface of superolateral cerebral hemisphere to superior sagittal sinus / transverse sinus/cavernous sinus 。vthe inferior cerebral vein ： 17 strip ， collecting blood from surface of lateral cerebral hemisphere or hemispheric inferior face to superior sagittal sinus / transverse sinus /cavernous sinus 。 the deep cerebral veinsvThe great cerebral v.（Galen veins）：v To formed by left and right

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