人教版必修第三册Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structure 课件.pptx

Discovering Useful Structures P42,Unit 4 Space Exploration,新人教必修Book 3,Lily and Bob are chatting when they jog.,Whats your dream? What do you do for your dream?,Leading-in,Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings.,Presentation,I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.,As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.,infinitive as adverbial,infinitive as adverbial,Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.,On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.,First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.,infinitive as adverbial,infinitive as attribute,infinitive as attribute,不定式作定语、状语,Infinitives(1),一、不定式的定义：,不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词 原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不 能独立作谓语。

但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在 句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、 定语、状语等二、不定式在句中的功能：,（一）作定语,不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例如：,只能用动词不定式做定语的情况,例： 1. Please make an effort to catch the bus. 2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.,1.当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力 等意义的名词）,只能用动词不定式做定语的情况,例： 1. He was the first one to think of the idea. 2. You are the only person to be late. 3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting.,2.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最 高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。

只能用动词不定式做定语的情况,例： 1. Do you have anything to say? 2. There is nothing to worry about. 3. I want to get something to drink.,3.当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything 等不定代词时4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时例： The letter to be written is to my father. The matter to be discussed is important.,（二）作状语,不定式作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词例： I come here to say good-bye to you. So as not to disturb the baby, I walked quietly.,目的状语：可用在句首,常用结构：to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ suchas to do, etc., 不定式作目的状语时， 其动作通常迟于谓语动词 的动作例： I said that to encourage him.,（二）作状语,3. 结果状语：常与only , enough 或too连用,用于“too.to”；“enough to.”；“only to do”句型中。

例：He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school. She is so proud as to look down upon others.,2.原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中例： Im glad to see you. She was disappointed to hear the news.,现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别,例： 1. He went home to find his old friend George outside the door. 2. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.,动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的 结果； 而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必 然造成的结果Practice,Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly.,Examples:,In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.,Practice,2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.,3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.,Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day,4. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise everyday, which will help them stay healthy.,Practice,_.,Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy,_ _.,_ _ _.,5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.,6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.,During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under control,Astronants have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to / in order to / so as to keep everything from floating off,3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。

He is always _ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足够的食物供客人享用 There is enough food for the guests _.,Try to complete the sentences with infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial.,Production,1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔 _, you need a speicial pen. 2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了 He arrived late _.,To draw maps correctly,to enjoy,the first one to come,to find the others had gone home,Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.,Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing_ (know)in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists,to achieve,using,to get,known,Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.,figure out a way _ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster t。