美国文学红字.ppt

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-----1864),-----American Literature,Author,Nathaniel Hawthorne （ 1804-----1864 ） American novelist and short story writer. His fiction works are considered as dark romanticism (黑色浪漫主义) He had written many novels, among which The Scarlet Letter is the most famous one.,Some other works of Hawthorne,,Pearl,,,,,,Chillingworth,Old Ugly Scholar Deformed shoulders（畸形的肩膀） Distorted soul(扭曲的灵魂) He is interested in revenge.,Characters,Hester,Young Beautiful Brave A rebel of puritan(反清教伦理) Help neighbors and the poor She pursued happiness.,Characters,Young Handsome Minister（牧师） a devoted servant of God gloomy, weak-minded , selfish suffering from experience of physical and spiritual disintegration,Dimmesdale,,Pearl,Hester’s daughter A symbol of the hope Innocent，lovely，lively，smart Moody（情绪多变的） Mischievous （淘气的） Brave,Introduction,The story is simple but very moving. An aging English scholar sends his beautiful young wife, Hester Prynne, to make their new home in New England. When he comes over 2 years later, he is surprised to see his wife in pollory, wearing a scarlet letter A which stands for Adultery on her breast, holding her illicit child(私生女).,Introduction,Tormenting himself for his sin, Dimmesdale finds conscience preyed upon(折磨) by Chillingworth. He cuts himself off from community and withers spiritually as well as physically. He determined to find out who her loves is and disguises himself as a physician with a changed name Roger Chillingworth. Gradually he discovers that the lover is the admired brilliant young priest, Arthur Dimmesdale.,,Introduction,Hester response to the scarlet letter A is a positive one. Though living on the fringe of the community, she does her best to reestablish her fellowship with her neighbors on a honest basis. She helps her fellow pelple and finally wins their love and admiration. She plans to leave America with the priest, but he refuses her. He dies in her arms while confessing his sin at a public gathering. Chillingworth withers, Pearl, Hester's child, grows up to be married into a noble family of Europe.,The reason Hawthorne wrote the scarlet letter,His mother----- sympathy with women. His wife -----women played a very important role in the mankind. The Independent Reform------ women made many movements for liberations.,Theme,Sin (罪恶)-----rebel of puritan Psychological complexity Human ’s nature and sociality,The symbols of “ A ”,Summary,In the novel, Hester proudly carries on, wearing the scarlet letter, deciding to live according to the high standards, she sets for herself rather than the low standards others have set for her. She takes responsibility for herself and establishes her own identity, winning the admiration of the townspeople in the end. In our life, we should also do what we think is right rather than to be the one others think you are.,一片褐黑的土地 ，一个鲜红的A字,Similarities,Writing skills: symbolism (to express the complex characters and rich inner world.) Plots: one man seeking revenge.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,。