岩石的密度和波速.doc

地震波在几种主要类型岩石的速度变化范围岩石速度Vp（km/s）沉积岩1.5~6.0花岗岩4.5~6.5玄武岩4.5~8.0变质岩3.5~6.5地震波在不同类型沉积岩的速度变化范围岩石速度Vp（km/s）砾石、砂岩、干砂0.2~0.8砂质粘土0.3~0.5湿砂0.6~0.8粘土1.2~2.5疏松岩石1.5~2.5致密岩石1.8~4.0白垩1.8~3.5泥质页岩2.5~4.1石灰岩、致密白云岩2.5~6.1石膏、无水石膏3.5~4.5泥灰岩2.0~3.5盐岩4.2~5.5常见岩土介质的密度和波速类别名称密度ρ（g/cm3）纵波速度Vp（km/s）横波速度Vp（km/s）松散层粘土1.60~2.041.2~2.5——湿砂——0.6~0.8——砂质粘土——0.3~0.9——干砂、砾石——0.2~0.8——饱水沙、砾石——1.5~2.8——沉积岩砾岩1.60~4.201.6~4.20.9~2.2泥质灰岩2.45~2.652.0~4.41.2~2.4硅质石灰岩2.80~2.904.4~4.82.6~3.0致密石灰岩2.60~2.772.5~6.11.4~3.5页岩2.30~2.701.3~4.00.8~2.3砂岩2.42~2.772.4 ~4.20.9~2.4致密白云岩2.80~3.002.5~5.01.5~3.0石膏2.41~2.583.5~4.51.8~2.3煤1.30~1.500.8~1.50.5~1.0变质岩片麻岩2.65~2.796.0~6.73.5~4.0大理岩2.68~2.725.8~7.33.5~4.7石英岩2.65~2.753.0~6.62.8~3.2片岩2.68~2.925.8~6.13.5~3.8板岩2.31~2.753.6~4.52.1~2.8千枚岩2.71~2.862.8~5.21.8~3.2岩浆岩花岗岩2.30~2.804.5~6.52.3~3.8闪长岩2.52~2.705.7~6.42.8~3.8玄武岩2.53~3.104.5~8.03.0~4.5安山岩2.30~2.754.1~5.62.5~3.3辉长岩2.55~2.985.3~6.53.2~4.0辉绿岩2.53~2.975.2~5.83.4~3.5橄榄岩2.90~3.406.5~8.04.0~4.8凝灰岩1.60~1.952.6~4.31.6~2.6其它水1.01.4~1.6——冰0.8~0.93.1~3.6——混凝土2.40~2.502.0~4.51.2~2.7地震波速度的主要影响因素(纵波)：岩性、孔隙度、孔隙填充物、密度、地质年代、构造运动、岩层埋藏深度等因素。