教育专题：Grammarandusage(3).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 3,Unit 3 The world online,Grammar and usage,Auxiliary verbs,Aspirin,was,invented in 1897.,You,do,know a lot about the Internet.,He,didnt,find any useful information on the Internet.,Auxiliary verbs,(,助动词,),协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助 动词（,Auxiliary verb,）,被协助的动词称作主要动词（,Main verb,）助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用如：,He,doesnt,like English.,他不喜欢英语doesnt,是助动词，无词义；,like,是主要动词，有词义,),什么是助动词？,a.,表示时态如：,He,is,singing.,他在唱歌He,has,got married.,他已结婚b.,表示语态如：,He,was,sent to England.,他被派往英国。

助动词的主要作用,:,c.,构成疑问句如：,Do,you like college life?,你喜欢大学生活吗？,Did,you study English before you came,here?,你来这儿之前学过英语吗？,d.,与否定副词,not,合用，构成否定句如：,I,dont,like him.,我不喜欢他e.,加强语气如：,Do,come to the party tomorrow evening.,明天晚上一定来参加晚会He,did,know that.,他的确知道那件事最常用的助动词有：,be,have,do,shall,will,should,would,助动词,be,的用法：,1.be+,现在分词，构成进行时态如：,They,are having,a meeting.,他们正在开会English,is becoming,more and more important.,英语现在越来越重要2.be+,过去分词，构成被动语态如：,The window,was broken,by Tom.,窗户是汤姆打碎的English,is taught,throughout the world.,世界各地都教英语。

3.be+,动词不定式,，可表示下列内容：,a.,表示最近、未来的计划或安排如：,He,is to,go to New York next week.,他下周要去纽约We,are to,teach the fresh persons.,我们要教新生说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种,将来时态表达法b.,表示命令如：,You,are to,explain this.,对此你要做出解释c.,征求意见如：,How,am,I,to,answer him?,我该怎样答复他？,d.,表示相约、商定如：,We,are to,meet at the school gate at,seven tomorrow morning.,我们明天早晨,7,点在校门口集合助动词,have,的用法,:,1.have+,过去分词，构成完成时态如：,He,has left,for London.,他已去了伦敦By the end of last month,they,had,finished,half of their work.,上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半2.have+been+,现在分词，构成完成进行时如：,I,have been studying,English for ten years.,我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。

3.have+been+,过去分词，构成完成式被动语态如：,English,has been taught,in China for many years.,中国教英语已经多年助动词,do,的用法,:,1.,构成一般疑问句如：,Do,you want to pass the CET?,你想通过大学英语测试吗？,2.do+not,构成否定句如：,He,doesnt,like to study.,他不想学习In the past,many students,did not,know,the importance of English.,过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性3.,构成否定祈使句如：,Dont,be so absent-minded.,不要这么心不在焉说明：构成否定祈使句只用,do,，不用,did,和,does,4.,放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语,气如：,Do,come to my birthday party.,一定来参加我的生日宴会I,did,go there.,我确实去那儿了5.,用于倒装句，,例如：,Never,did,I hear of such a thing.,我从未听说过这样的事情。

Only,when we begin our college life,do,we realize the importance of English.,只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英,语的重要性说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有,never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well,等6.,用作代动词，,例如：,Do,you like Beijing?,你喜欢北京吗？,Yes,I,do,.,是的，喜欢do,用作代动词，代替,like Beijing,）,He knows how to drive a car,does,nt he?,他知道如何开车，对吧？,助动词,shall,和,will,的用法,:,shall,和,will,作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，,例如：,I,shall,study harder at English.,我将更加努力地学习英语He,will,go to Shanghai.,他要去上海说明：,在过去的语法中，语法学家说,shall,用于第一人称，,will,只用于第二、第三人称现在，尤其是在口语中，,will,常用于第一人称，但,shall,只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词。

试比较,:,He,shall come,.,他必须来shall,有命令的意味,He,will,come.,他要来will,只与动词原形构成一般将来时,助动词,should,would,的用法,:,1.should,无词义，是,shall,的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称如：,I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I,should,do next week.,我昨天给他打，问他我下周干什么比较：,“,What shall I do next week?”I asked.,“,我下周干什么？”我问道可以说，,shall,变成间接引语时，变成了,should,2.would,也无词义，是,will,的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称如：,He said he,would,come.,他说他要来比较：,“,I,will,go,”he said.,他说：“我要去那儿变成间接引语就成了：,He said he,would,come.,原来的,will,变成,would,，,go,变成了,come,短语助动词,由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。

如：,have(got)to,had better,would sooner/rather(than),be to,be likely to,be supposed to,ought to,used to,be about to,be able to,etc.,have(got)to,表示“,得做某事,”，或提出建议，其否定形式,not have to,意为“,不必,”would rather/sooner(than),的意思是“,宁愿,”be to,表示未来的打算和安排，或用于正式的指示和命令be likely,的意思是某事有可能发生或可能是真的be supposed to,用来表示,“被期望”,或,“应该”,其否定形式,be not supposed to,用来表示“,不允许,”used to,表示“过去一直”或“过去经常”1.Jacks ill,so they _ change their plans.,A.must B.should,C.have got to D.ought to,2.If it is fine tomorrow,we _ a football match.,A.have B.will have C.has D.shall has,练一练,3.In the past 30 years China _ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.A.has made B.have made,C.had made D.having made4.I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work.A.dont/had B.didnt/have,C.didnt/had D.dont/have,5.No sooner _ he arrived home than he _ to start on another journey.A.has/was asked B.have/were asked,C.had/is asked D.had/was asked6.“_ you give me a room for the night?”I asked on arriving at the hotel.A.Should B.Can C.Might D.May,7.He was a good runner so he _ escape from the police.A.might B.succeeded to,C.would D.was able to,8.If they _,our plan will fall flat.A.are co-operating,B.had not co-operated,C.wont co-operate,D.didnt co-operate,9.No one _ that to his face.A.dares say B.dares saying,C.dare say D.dare to say,10.The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers.A.to be fed B.to feed,C.to being fed D.to have been fed,Finish the exercises on textbook.,。