高考英语一轮复习 语法部分 第三讲 介词和介词短语课件 外研版.ppt

第三讲第三讲 介词和介词短语介词和介词短语[考点精讲考点精讲]【考点【考点1】　介词】　介词1．表示方位的．表示方位的at，，in，，on，，to，，beside/by和和near 介词用法例句at一般指在较小的地方I met him at the shop.in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内They arrived in Beijing yesterday.Shandong Province lies in the east of China.on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域The picture is hanging on the wall.Mongolia is on the north of China.to表示某范围外接壤或不接壤的两位置Shandong Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.beside/by“在……的旁边”She was standing beside her mother.There is a small house by the river.near“接近；靠近”There is a supermarket near my home.2.表示方位的表示方位的between和和among介词用法例句between在两者或每两者之间I sat down between Sue and Jane.among在三者或三者以上之间The teacher was standing among the students.3.表示方位的表示方位的across，，through，，over和和past介词用法例句across从……的表面穿过He walked across the square to meet us.through从……的内部穿过The guide led us through the forest.over从……的上面跨过The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.past从……的旁边经过She walked past the shop.4.表示时间的介词表示时间的介词(1)表示表示“在在…………”的的at，，in，，on①①at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日。

表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at 9：：00；；at noon；；at daybreak；；at Christmas②②in表表示示在在某某个个较较长长的的时时间间内内，，世世纪纪、、朝朝代代或或年年月月；；泛泛指指的的上上午午、、下午、傍晚下午、傍晚in the 21st century；；in September：：in the morning③③on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上on 2nd，，September；；on the morning of 1st，，May(2)表示表示“在在…………之后之后”的的after，，in“after＋＋一一段段时时间间”在在过过去去时时句句子子中中作作时时间间状状语语，，相相当当于于“一一段段时时间间＋＋later”；；“in＋＋一一段段时时间间”在在将将来来时时句句子子中中作作时时间间状状语语，，指指离离说话时多长时间以后说话时多长时间以后He returned home after a week(a week later)．．They will come to visit us in a week.注注意意：：“after＋＋时时间间点点”可可在在将将来来时时态态的的句句子子中中作作时时间间状状语语；；“in＋＋时时间间段段”表表示示“在在…………长长时时间间之之内内”时时，，可可用用于于完完成成时时或或过去时的句子中。

过去时的句子中I will attend a meeting after two o'clock.In the last 10 years，，great changes have taken place in this village.(3)表示时间段的表示时间段的for，，since①①“for＋＋时时间间段段”意意为为“多多长长时时间间”，，表表示示动动作作持持续续的的时时间间长长短短，，一般作完成时态或过去时态句子的时间状语一般作完成时态或过去时态句子的时间状语He has lived in the small village for five years.I studied in Shandong University for 4 years.②②“since＋＋时时间间点点”意意为为“自自从从…………”，，作作完完成成时时态态句句子子的的时时间间状语I haven't heard from him since three years ago.He has been waiting here since 2 o'clock.5．其他介词．其他介词(1)表示交通方式的表示交通方式的by，，in，，on“by＋＋名名词词”表表示示交交通通方方式式时时，，名名词词前前不不加加冠冠词词；；但但是是in，，on后后的的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰。

名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰He goes to work by car every day.He goes to work in his car every day.(2)表示表示“用用…………”的的by，，in，，withby侧侧重重方方式式、、方方法法，，多多用用于于表表示示无无形形的的工工具具或或手手段段的的名名词词前前；；in多多用用于于表表示示语语言言、、材材料料的的名名词词前前；；with多多用用于于表表示示有有形形的的工工具具、、表表示示身体器官的名词前身体器官的名词前He earned his living by selling newspapers.Please write the answer in ink.They are digging with spades.(3)表示表示“除除…………外外”的的except，，except for，，besidesexcept表表示示“除除…………之之外外(其其他他的的都都)”，，其其后后的的宾宾语语是是被被排排除除在在外外的的，，侧侧重重同同类类事事物物的的排排除除；；except for后后被被排排除除的的内内容容与与主主语语往往往往不不是是同同一一类类的的；；besides表表示示“除除…………之之外外(其其他他的的也也)”，，其其后后的的宾宾语语是是被包括在内的。

被包括在内的All my friends took part in the party except John.His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.He has learned German，，French besides English.【考点【考点2】　介词短语】　介词短语介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配常考的有：介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配常考的有：at dawn　　　　at daybreak　　in case (of)at table far from free fromby the way be fond of be tired ofbe proud of answer/key to next tobe similar to due to thanks tobe popular with apart from instead ofregardless of in detail in generalon purpose above all in allafter all in terms of in need ofin favor of in return in shortin place of in search of for fear ofin exchange for in addition to in spite ofin vain beyond reach beyond descriptionon account of in a way in particularin charge of as a result of[真题再现真题再现]1．．(2016·浙浙江江卷卷，，6)That young man is honest，，cooperative，，always there when you need his help.______short，，he's reliable.【【解解析析】】　　句句意意：：那那个个年年轻轻人人诚诚实实且且有有合合作作精精神神，，当当你你需需要要他他帮帮忙忙的的时时候候，，他他总总是是在在那那儿儿。

简简言言之之，，他他是是值值得得信信赖赖的的in short简简言之答案【答案】】　　In2．．(2016·浙浙江江卷卷，，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up________influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.【【解解析析】】　　句句意意：：这这项项研研究究表表明明我我们们成成长长的的文文化化环环境境影影响响我我们们看看待待周周围围世世界界的的基基本本环环节节本本句句采采用用定定语语从从句句的的形形式式考考查查介介词词we grow up________”为为定定语语从从句句，，先先行行词词为为the cultures，，将将先先行行词词代代入入定定语语从从句句后后为为：：We grow up in the cultures.故故设设空空处处填填介介词词in答案【答案】】　　in3．．(2015·浙浙江江卷卷，，3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?【【解解析析】】　　句句意意：：你你听听说说过过是是海海陆陆两两栖栖动动物物栖栖息息地地的的树树吗吗？？be home to为固定搭配，意为为固定搭配，意为“是是…………的栖息地的栖息地”。

答案【答案】】　　to4．．(2015·重重庆庆卷卷，，10)Last year was the warmest year on record，，with global temperature 0.68℃℃ ________ the average.【【解解析析】】　　句句意意：：去去年年是是有有史史以以来来最最温温暖暖的的一一年年，，全全球球气气温温超超过过了了平平均均气气温温0.68摄摄氏氏度度根根据据语语境境可可知知此此处处表表示示““在在…………之之上上，，高高于于””，所以要用介词，所以要用介词above答案【答案】】　　above5．．(2015·江江苏苏卷卷，，34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.【【解解析析】】　　句句意意：：要要不不是是托托马马斯斯·爱爱迪迪生生，，现现在在让让我我们们获获益益的的许许多多东东西西都都不不会会存存在在根根据据句句意意和和该该句句中中的的虚虚拟拟语语气气可可知知答答案案为为forbut for要不是。

要不是答案【答案】】　　for6．． (2015·安安 徽徽 卷卷 ，， 33)They believe that there are transport developments ________ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.【【解解析析】】　　句句意意：：他他们们相相信信交交通通的的发发展展就就要要到到来来了了，，这这将将会会带带来来很多更好的变化很多更好的变化around the corner就要到来就要到来答案【答案】】　　around7．．(2015·福福建建卷卷，，22)A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.【【解解析析】】　　句句意意：：他他们们对对于于他他们们学学生生时时代代的的共共同同记记忆忆是是校校服服本本句句包包含含一一个个定定语语从从句句“they all have ________ their school days”，，将将先先行行词词memory代代入入定定语语从从句句后后为为：：They all have a common memory ________ their school days.由由此此可可见见设设空空处处填填of。

of可可用用于说明动作的名词之后，表示动作的对象于说明动作的名词之后，表示动作的对象答案【答案】】　　of•8．(2015·福建卷，32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony ________ nature.•【解析】　句意：人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，同样，我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处in harmony with与……协调•【答案】　with•9．(2015·湖北卷，30)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you ________ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.•【解析】　句意：这间会议室是无烟区我想事先提醒你，如果你在这儿吸烟，就会被罚款in advance提前，事先•【答案】　in•10．(2015·陕西卷，12)The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.•【解析】　句意：那个小学生搀着奶奶的手臂送她过了马路。

take sb.by the arm搀着某人的手臂此处的by表示“抓着(物体或身体的某个部位)”•【答案】　by。